作 者 ：李方敏1;2;樊小林1;陈文东1
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2005年 11卷 4期 页码：494-500
Keywords:controlled release fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency, rice, yield,
摘 要 ：氮肥施用量大,氮素利用效率低一直是困扰我国水稻生产的突出问题,如何提高氮肥利用效率,减少因施用氮肥而引起的环境污染问题,是目前肥料研究中共同关心的课题。通过田间试验研究了美国Scotts控释肥、自制控释肥(AgroBB)、未包膜复合肥(Com)和混合肥(NPK)在等氮、磷、钾养分下对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,(1)美国控释肥、自制控释肥与未包膜的复合肥比较,早稻增产8.57%～12.45%,晚稻增产9.64%～11.49%,差异达极显著或显著水平,而AgroBB与Scotts间的差异不显著。NPK与Com比较,晚稻增产7.20%,早稻仅增产2.47%。(2)早稻各处理的氮肥农学效率明显高于晚稻。Scotts、AgroBB和NPK的氮肥农学效率分别比Com明显地提高了26.93%～29.82%、18.52%～25.06%和5.35%～18.69%,其中两种控释肥之间、AgroBB与NPK间差异未达显著水平。(3)Scotts、AgroBB一次施用,NPK分次施用的氮肥回收效率分别比Com一次施用明显地提高了25.72%～28.82%、3.75%～23.70%和8.46%～27.73%。本试验条件下,控释肥处理的氮肥回收效率虽然与分次施用混合肥处理无显著性差异,但是其农学效率和生理效率明显大于混合肥处理。
Abstract:Overfertilization-low N fertilizer use efficiency are prominent problem in rice production in China. How to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and eliminate its impact on environment has been being a commonly concerned subject all over the world. Field experiments were carried out to test the effects of controlled release fertilizer (CRF, including American Scotts company product and pilot scale one manufactured in fertilizer science research lab, SCAU, being (AgroBB)), uncoated compound(Com) and chemical fertilizer (NPK) on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the same amount of N, P2O5 and K2O. Chemical fertilizer is splitting dressed (40% of N is basal dressed and the rest is top-dressed divided into two times); however, for the other treatments, fertilizers are single basal dressed. Results showed that rice grain yields of CRF treatments increased significantly by 8.57% to 12.45% for the early rice and 9.64% to 11.49% for the late rice respectively compared to the compounds treatment. The difference of the grain yield between the pilot product of AgroBB treatment and Scotts treatment is not significant. Compared to compound treatment, grain yield of NPK treatment increased by 2.47% and 7.20% for the early and late rice respectively. Agronomy nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE, being difference of grain yield between nitrogen and non-nitrogen treated plot divided by N applied) on each treatment of the early rice was higher than that of the late rice. ANUE of Scotts, (AgroBB) and NPK treatments were 26.93% to 29.82%, 18.52% to 25.06% and 5.35% to 18.69% significantly higher than that of compound respectively. However, there was no significant difference of ANUE between Scotts and (AgroBB,) AgroBB and NPK treatment respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE, being difference of N uptake between nitrogen and non-nitrogen treated plot divided by N applied) of Scotts, AgroBB and NPK treatment increased by 25.72% to 28.82%, 3.75% to 23.70% and 8.46% to 27.73% compared to compound treatment respectively. ( Results) also indicated that although there was no significant difference between NRE of CRF and NPK splitting application treatment, the ANUE and PNUE of CRFs was remarkably greater than that of NPK treatment.
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