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作 者 ：林英华1;2;朱平3;张夫道2;彭畅3;高洪军3;刘淑环3

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 3期 页码：412-419

关键词：农田土壤动物；类群特征；土壤性质；相关分析；

Keywords:cropland soil fauna, community character, soil properties, correlation analysis,

摘 要 ：采用手捡法和改良干漏斗法(Modified.Tullgren)对吉林黑土区长期定位施肥农田土壤动物群落组成及多样性进行研究。12个施肥小区内共采集108个土壤样品,获得农田土壤动物标本17265只(未鉴定标本187只),隶属3门9纲19目3亚目48科。统计分析结果表明,所采集标本中,营养功能群以植食性(35.53%)为主。其中,大型农田土壤动物捕获的个体数和类群数以撂荒和施氮肥区最多;中小型农田土壤动物则以撂荒和轮作区最多;大型农田土壤动物群落的多样性指数(H′)依次是NP>N>1.5MNPK>PK>M2NPK>CK>NK>NPK>M1NPK>轮作>SNPK>撂荒,中小型农田土壤动物多样性指数依次是M1NPK>M2NPK>SNPK>1.5MNPK>NP>CK>轮作>NK>NPK>PK>N>撂荒。群落相似性指数分析表明,不同施肥之间相似性系数一般较低。农田土壤动物群落组成异质性较高,SNPK与M1NPK、撂荒地处理之间的相似性明显高于其他群落,N与SNPK、M2NPK和轮作之间、CK与1.5MNPK和NPK之间的相似性明显低于其它施肥之间的相似性。反映出不同施肥处理对土壤生态系统内部环境,进而对土壤动物群落产生的影响。

Abstract:Investigated soil fauna under different fertilizer application condition in the Black soil croplands in Aug,2003.Based on long-term fertilization experiment,the effects of 12 fertilization treatments,which was abandonment(Aband),no-fertilizer treatment(CK),application of N fertilizer(N),combined application of N and P(NP),combined application of N and K(NK),combined application of P and K(PK),combined application of N,P and K(NPK),combined application of organic material and NPK(organic nitrogen∶fertilizer nitrogen = 2∶1) (M1NPK),1.5 times of combined application of organic material and NPK(1.5MNPK), combined application of straw and NPK(SNPK),rotation of maize and soybean in 2∶1,the quantity of fertilizer was the same as treatment 8(Rot),and combined application of organic material and NPK(organic nitrogen∶fertilizer nitrogen = 1∶1)(M2NPK) on soil fauna was studied.108 soil samples and 17265 species(187 unidentitied) of cropland soil fauna individuals had been collected by handsorting and Modified Tullgren methods,belonging to 3 Phyla,9 Classes,3 Superorders,19 Orders and 48 families.The result showed that the guilds was mainly phytophage(35.53%) in the Black soil.The number of individual and the group of Macrofauna rank top in abandonment and N treatment,respectively,while mesofauna and microfauna rank top in the abandonment and the rotation,respectively,showing that the distribution of soil fauna was related to fertilizer application condition.The high-low sequence of Shannon-Weiner index of Macrofauna were: NP>N>1.5MNPK>PK>M2NPK>CK>NK>NPK>M1NPK>Rot>SNPK>Aband;While the high-low sequence Mesofauna and Microfauna were: M1NPK>M2NPK>SNPK>1.5MNPK>NP>CK>Rotation>NK>NPK>PK>N>Aband.The analysis of similarity coefficients of community showed that they were rather low,which indicated that the fauna compositions were heterogeneous.The similarities between SNPK,M1NPK and abandonment were much higher than the others,while the similarities between N and SNPK,M2NPK and rotation,CK and 1.5 MNPK and NPK was obvious lower than the others,indicating that different fertilizer applications treatments could affect internal environment of soil ecosystem,then proceed to the soil fauna community.

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