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作 者 ：吴进东1,2,李金才2*,魏凤珍2,王成雨2,张 一2

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 3期 页码：570~576

关键词：氮肥后移；冬小麦；花后渍害；灌浆特性；产量构成；

Keywords:postponing nitrogen application, winter wheat, waterlogging after anthesis, grain filling characteristics, yield components,

摘 要 ：2010～2012年连续2个生长季,以小麦品种‘烟农19’为材料,大田试验按基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥比例设为氮肥处理N₁（10∶0∶0)、N₂(7∶3∶0)、N₃(5∶5∶0)、N₄(3∶5∶2),采用多项式、Logistic方程拟合不同氮肥运筹对花后受渍冬小麦灌浆期籽粒体积与干重变化过程,研究不同氮肥运筹对花后受渍冬小麦灌浆特性及产量构成的影响。结果表明:（1）两年度间各指标变化趋势基本一致,故各指标结果按其两年度平均值计算。（2）花后渍水使冬小麦籽粒体积减小11.8%,灌浆速率降低15.4%,灌浆历期缩短9.2%,千粒重降低20.9%,穗粒数减少7.0%,籽粒产量降低26.6%,而对穗数无显著影响。相对于氮肥全部作为基肥处理N₁,氮肥后移处理 N₂、N₃、N₄的小麦籽粒体积分别增加10.2%、15.0%、19.4%,灌浆速率分别提高8.5%、16.0%、18.2%,灌浆历期分别延长5.0%、9.4%、11.5%,千粒重分别增加11.9%、20.2%、25.6%,穗粒数分别增加7.9%、12.3%、14.6%,产量分别提高18.1%、29.6%、37.6%,而穗数分别降低2.2%、3.8%、4.3%。（3）各灌浆参数与冬小麦籽粒产量的关联度表明,花后渍水逆境对灌浆速率的影响大于对灌浆历期的影响,氮肥后移主要通过提高小麦中后期灌浆速率缓解渍水逆境胁迫伤害。研究认为,在花后土壤受渍冬小麦生产区,生产中可获得最高小麦产量的最佳氮肥运筹模式为N₄(3∶5∶2)处理。

Abstract:According to the ratios of base fertilizer:elongation fertilizer:booting fertilizer,the four nitrogen treatments were N₁(10∶0∶0),N₂(7∶3∶0),N₃(5∶5∶0),N₄(3∶5∶2),respectively.Field experiments with ‘Yannong 19’ (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted to investigate the effects of postponing nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and yield components of winter wheat suffered waterlogging after anthesis in continuous growing seasons from 2010 to 2012.The growth processes of 1000-grain volume and 1000-grain dry weight were simulated by polynomial regression and logistic equation,respectively.The results showed clearly:(1)Since the changing trends of indexes were similar in two growing seasons,the results were analyzed according to their averages.(2)Waterlogging after anthesis significantly reduced averages of 1000-grain volume,grain filling rate,grain filling duration,1000-grain dry weight,grains per spike and yield of winter wheat by 11.8%,15.4%,9.2%,20.9%,7.0% and 26.6%,respectively,but had no significant effect on spike numbers.Compared with the treatment N₁,treatments of postponing nitrogen application N₂,N₃ and N₄ significantly improved 1000-grain volume by 10.2%,15.0% and 19.4%,respectively;grain filling rate by 8.5%,16.0% and 18.2%,respectively;grain filling duration by 5.0%,9.4% and 11.5%,respectively;1000-grain dry weight by 11.9%,20.2% and 25.6%,respectively;grains per spike by 7.9%,12.3% and 14.6%,respectively;and yield by 18.1%,29.6% and 37.6%,respectively;while reduced spike numbers by 2.2%,3.8% and 4.3%,respectively.(3)According to grey correlations between yield and grain filling parameters of winter wheat,the grain filling rate parameters were significantly related with waterlogging,while the grain filling duration parameters were less related.The treatments of postponing nitrogen application increased yield of winter wheat mainly by improving grain filling rates in middle and late grain filling stages.The study indicated that the treatment N₄ (3∶5∶2) was the optimal nitrogen application to obtain the highest yield of winter wheat in wheat-producing areas suffered waterlogging after anthesis.

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