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作 者 ：张 昂1,2，郑瑜琬1,2，陈 腾1,2，耿万刚1,2，房玉林1,2*，王 华1,2

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2012年 10期 页码：2075~2081

关键词：芽休眠解除；葡萄；抗氧化机制；

Keywords:bud dormancy breaking, grapevine, ant-oxidation mechanism,

摘 要 ：以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’（红）和‘霞多丽’（白）为试材，通过考察其自然休眠过程和打破休眠(单氰胺处理)过程中冬芽组织活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化，探讨葡萄休眠机制。结果表明：（1）在陕西杨陵地区，早熟品种‘霞多丽’在12月20日左右进入深度休眠，第2年1月29日进入休眠解除阶段；晚熟品种‘赤霞珠’在1月9日左右达到深度休眠，2月18日左右进入休眠解除阶段；单氰胺处理可促进葡萄休眠的解除。（2）葡萄休眠过程中，活性氧O^-·₂和H₂O₂含量在休眠初期逐渐增加，深度休眠时含量最高，休眠解除过程中含量降低，从而促进休眠的解除；超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在休眠中一直降低，休眠解除后活性上升；过氧化物酶(POD)活性在休眠前期较低，随后活性上升，休眠解除过程中活性又降低；过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在休眠过程中持续上升，随后维持在较高水平；抗坏血酸-还原态的谷胱甘肽(ASA-GSH)循环在休眠前期较弱，休眠解除过程中逐渐增强。研究发现，葡萄进入休眠后，其冬芽抗氧化能力逐渐降低，至深度休眠时抗氧化能力降至最低，随着低温积累需冷量得到满足，活化了抗氧化系统进而抗氧化能力迅速提高，休眠被解除。

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the bud dormancy mechanisms of wine grape during natural and breaking dormancy from the following physiological and biochemical aspects:water status,active oxygen and ant-oxidation system,phenols and the related enzymes.The results show that:(1)Chardonnay which is an early maturity variety comes into deep dormancy on Dec.20th,and bud dormancy starts to release gradually from Jan.29th;the late Cabernet Sauvignon’s deep dormancy stage is from Jan.9th to Feb.18th and bud dormancy starts to release gradually.Cyanamid treatment enhanced dormancy release.(2)The contents of active oxygen species O^-·₂ and H₂O₂ had a gradual increase in the early dormancy stage,reaching the peak value at the deep end-dormancy,then decreased after bud dormancy release.SOD activity decreased steadily during the whole period of end-dormancy,and then increased after the dormancy release.POD and CAT activities kept increasing during the early dormancy stage,then the POD value started to drop after the dormancy release and CAT maintained a high activity until bud sprouting.ASA-GSH cycle was relatively weak at the early stage of end-dormancy,and then it was activated gradually during the dormancy release.During the breaking dormancy,the content of active oxygen,the activities of anti-oxidation system enzymes and the contents of antioxidants are changed,all of these are better for dormancy releasing.

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