免费文献传递   相关文献

Construction of a Dense Genetic Linkage Map and QTL Analysis of Trunk Diameter in Chinese Jujube

枣高密度遗传图谱的构建与树干直径的QTL分析


以冬枣×临猗梨枣杂交F1代的150株个体为作图群体,利用AFLP标记和RAPD标记,对已有的枣遗传连锁图谱进行加密,构建1张包含388个AFLP标记和35个RAPD标记、由15个连锁群组成的高密度枣遗传连锁图谱,覆盖基因组总长度1 309.4 Cm,标记间平均距离3.1 Cm。与原图谱相比,总图距增加72 Cm,标记间平均距离缩短0.8 Cm,大于10 Cm的标记间隔减少7个,图谱饱和度显著提高。在新构建图谱的基础上,利用JionmapQTL4.0软件,首次对控制枣树干直径性状的QTL进行分析。共检测到控制枣树干直径的QTL 6个,分布在5个连锁群上,分别可解释38.1%,10.0%,14.4%,10.1%,13.4%和31.0%的表型变异值。

In this study,AFLP and RAPD markers were used to increase density of the genetic linkage map of Chinese jujube based on a F1 population of 150 individuals derived from the cross between Dongzao (Zizyphus jujuba ‘Dongzao’) and Linyilizao (Zizyphus jujuba ‘Linyilizao’). As a result,a dense genetic linkage map of Chinese jujube was constructed,and it consisted of 15 linkage groups and covered 1 309.4 Cm,including 388 AFLP markers and 35 RAPD markers. The average interval distance was 3.1 Cm. Compared with the previous linkage map,the total length of map increased by 72 Cm,the average interval distance reduced by 0.8 Cm,and the number of intervals with the distance >10 Cm between adjacent markers declined 33%. Based on the newly constructed genetic linkage map,the QTLs for trunk diameter in jujube was also analyzed in this study,and a total of 6 QTLs were identified,and they could explain 38.1%,10.0%,14.4%,10.1%,13.4% and 31.0% phenotypic variation respectively.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
-345*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
jjgG?k|I1’KimRe51 6,.?@"
p q7 r s$ tuv7 wxy7 1zJ7 * {7 a"P7
A72 4QZ’T)^d)F WD %87%%7S$2 4QQ2k’qr)F ZHl %"%%&7Y
! "# emj 9-nojwu :7 j1 7"%fABue|_B*ox -:.;;#z <-;=;#*{()1j?k
vO|I|}gg*’K 7^|[ >##A -:.;;#z >"A <-;=;#5/ 7"AvO_&*1jgGj?kvO|
I*5}+_&6EG 7 >%&2! ?@*;#=<.DE >27 ?@~ik|Itj*6|DDg 8$ ?@*;#=<.DEp
$ %2# ?@*T, 7% ?@1;#=jeo 8A*|I0zGHMxj~Zf’K|I1+cd*ox AB0CDEF6,.!2%G
2*D[{%xjmRe5<{1 6,.|}?@~yNUM%xjmRe51 6,. GA*?1Z "AvO_d*?
f4e‘ >#27H*7%2%H*7!2!H*7%27H*7>2!Hz >72%H1#sJ:_~
$%&% jS-:.;;#S<-;=;#S?k|ISmRe5S6,.?@
’()*+#’87#2!G,6&!>2$ -./01#- -23+#7%%7 I 8!##4$%%&5%# I %%!! I %G
vwx#%$%%# I %& I %&~
+{|}%CH~!()+{l||}A>%>8%&&!YSQ\a_RCH(qI‘Utl||}A$%%GJ-=%7-78%7YS4QE~!()+{l|
|}A($%%8%%%"$7Y~
"qv;u%&e’~
!"#$%&’(%)"# "* + ,-#$- .-#-%)( /)#0+1- 2+3 +#4 56/ 7#+89$)$ "*
6&’#0 ,)+:-%-& )# !;)#-$- <’=’>-
6B ABC47 =0C4 KLMC$ @E0 N0C4DBC7 ’LMC .BECOBC47 KLEC4 N3PBC47 .B3 ABM7 QEC4 RBE01BC47
A72 !"##$%$ "& ’"()*+,#),($*-%(*+,#),(.# /0*1$(2*)3 "& ’$4$* 5."6*0% %87%%7S
$2 ’$4$* 7"8$092 :"+.)*"0.# !"##$%$ ;<*=*.><,.0% %"%%&7Y
7>$%&+(% )C SLBT TS3UO*-:.; ECU <-;= DEVWMVT XMVM 3TMU S0 BC?VMETM UMCTBSO 0Y SLM 4MCMSB? 1BCWE4M DEF 0Y (LBCMTM Z3Z3[M
[ETMU 0C E :7 F0F31ESB0C 0Y 7"% BCUB\BU3E1T UMVB\MU YV0D SLM ?V0TT [MSXMMC =0C4]E0A?*>3@<,2 =,=,4.|=0C4]E0GYECU .BCOB1B]E0
A?*>3@<,2 =,=,4.|.BCOB1B]E0GY5 -T E VMT31S*E UMCTM 4MCMSB? 1BCWE4M DEF 0Y (LBCMTM Z3Z3[M XET ?0CTSV3?SMU*ECU BS ?0CTBTSMU 0Y
7" 1BCWE4M 4V03FT ECU ?0\MVMU 7 >%&2! ?@*BC?13UBC4 >## -:.; DEVWMVT ECU >" <-;= DEVWMVT 5 ,LM E\MVE4M BCSMV\E1 UBTSEC?M
XET >27 ?@5 (0DFEVMU XBSL SLM FVM\B03T 1BCWE4M DEF*SLM S0SE1 1MC4SL 0Y DEF BC?VMETMU [O 8$ ?@*SLM E\MVE4M BCSMV\E1 UBTSEC?M
VMU3?MU [O %2# ?@*ECU SLM C3D[MV 0Y BCSMV\E1T XBSL SLM UBTSEC?M ^ 7% ?@ [MSXMMC EUZE?MCS DEVWMVT UM?1BCMU >>H 5 JETMU 0C
SLM CMX1O ?0CTSV3?SMU 4MCMSB? 1BCWE4M DEF*SLM 6,.T Y0V SV3CW UBEDMSMV BC Z3Z3[M XET E1T0 ECE1O]MU BC SLBT TS3UO*ECU E S0SE1 0Y G
6,.T XMVM BUMCSBYBMU*ECU SLMO ?031U MPF1EBC >#27H*7%2%H*7!2!H*7%27H*7>2!H ECU >72%H FLMC0SOFB? \EVBESB0C
VMTFM?SB\M1O 5
?-9 @"&4$% (LBCMTM Z3Z3[MA?*>3@<,2 =,=,4.YS-:.; DEVWMVS<-;= DEVWMVS4MCMSB? 1BCWE4M DEFSSV3CW UBEDMSMVS6,.
ECE1OTBT
jA?*>3@<,2 =,=,4.Ykl1C*(1CLo1)
pmm,a~jZ1CwJ+,3Y*) 8%% hA
Dm*m;lm\?TU~14)?ox3&m;
lm*JK*i<{56jmDm*ujmKm;
e1aALo};~A/,jmp;-5A"(>*
@?Dm]r(>7S)mr*/jm};wuK
m8sX3T1B5*u*jKm;e\‘$,^
g"m~KO6‘qr1j@:]*?2;#z?
k|I1]WujmKm;e\sXf1#t~%
6’Kj?kvO|I*{%xjZd<{1/K
<{GMA6,.Y|}DG*HZO+cd|}sDGz|G,u*nrIgi1CjmKmzm;
y6|F~t{^g_‘ZO*j?kvO|I1
DEvV?b$p*}Ri)qv;A$%%"Yemj
A ?*>3@<,2 =,=,4.|=0C4]E0GY9 -nojA ?*>3@<,2
=,=,4.|.BCOB1B]E0GYwu :7 jue|_B*’K1|
[ !!!A "#$%;#5&’ AvO_1jV_‘D^
?kvO|I*A/,^;#mr=aG/K)3*
u*|I*NZ4h;#mrz/Kexj|I0zG~
mRe516E(^I;@z*5mRz*Z
\M?wzFE16FAQ26=*&((&Y*(NUj
m6Ec1Lo+;,a~mRe51DgnA4
eujm6E5!"xxYg)p1xyI‘**4
eD4jm{U?z:?1lt5p*JZ)|,
xjjm\&5\Sz\Rz5p~}R)ujm
Re51?kJBykztu )*$ DG1DEF
V<9~|DEZqv;A+,,-YDE*"1+c
d*ox ."%/;#z "#$%;#{()1j?k|
I|}Xgg*Hr%xjmRe51 )*$DGZ
Xf’K1|Id*CZxjk)|I0zG*Hu
A$"IXejmRe5?kLxi,utu+_
xx=0~
& 4,iab
!"! %=&’
=xqv;A+,,-Y’K1mj 0-nojwu
#& jue|_B~]|"^G,4QECG*&(((
$K^*+, ,1! 23+*^ |u-noj*K|u~p
nKDmmj~+ Dm=jvw_*.u{B{~
]|^eC - 43M&^gj^*+ 43M[&^g=
fjm~+,,&$ &,%w|]|"^Bmj1"N*
~!}R$+]mr*, +,,+$ ’%~m,mjN
6$j^B*f}D !, 53 0 -, 53*p%"mwJ
+(w_~y*XmjN6$j &6- f~) "#$%
?@wD*^ B &6&fumj 0-nojwu2j~
JBKLg+ &-,feue|_BV4~
!"# 6? $%&\]
6 /7" x+yU %89:;<=> =A&((!YG#1
?*"@b*+f@k]|} /7"x+~
!"’ &()*)<
"#$%?@wx1 +A3xz $%&!*/7")8]p1B[5,3D>‘zgh
<3D>‘/dT6;0|i*~>=B8yUq
v;A+,,-YG#j "#$%3DB8K{~%?.>=
Z9C @A=3:9;8 0|6l1 * B;8CA:>9 %?. =B|
}~"#$%gh<3Dl‘Z 6DJQdFG?E*wxQ$1abNU /7"h7<~
!"+ ,&*$)<
."%/>‘yUG<=A+,,-Y(g]1Zjd
h7<@(1>‘*%~dT6;0|~%?.>=
6B8u +-"$*^ B|[ & 0 %?. EFGG:;5+1, 33=HA
$I &JK+ L5,1+- 33=HA$I & C7*%<5&1- M *8N )5&1+-
"3=HA$
I &>‘z !, >KWM /7"~%?.3DFZu%
(’ O,J< - 3A>*(’ OJP+ OsF 6, <*y ’, [J8SP+ O JEsF
&, 3A>*’ OWN~3D!&$gI-"$ 6 0 $=8CA>K
@FGG:;*Z &16D2LK#QdFG?E*xn’8H
q5Ut~
!"- uC^:;g)<
?E$jB$:<181)&xQ&R5Q,R#L*
8sn~7u?’#uQ3R~u0(R?2;K1
38;4:;UVih7<81?2;K*"#$% ;#x
Q>‘&i L?2;KR#L*."%/;#xQ>‘0
-\?2;KR#L~Bx Q=A>J8R!1,G21 ?%e
|Ws’K?k|I*wx S=<83EAy/UV|D~
ox QA=>38R)*$’1, ?@G2*wxt=e|b
AA>9:;T8H 38RRA>KY|} )*$ ?@*e $U/ _1T-
s9D(NZ )*$<=~
+ !"i?@
#"! /^_c(‘)’^)abP
ox]|i #& j|} "#$%>‘&i1(g*
S$J V,{>‘B(g] V{18~W5h71>‘&i|} "#$% ?@~V {>‘yl6 +&+
A18*^ Bh7<8 -&1*<.s{>‘3Dh
7<8u 61!V1~y(g] ++A ."%/>‘x,
?k|I1’K*3DXM +&!18*<.sA>‘
3D] (1P 1*^ Bh7<8) ’& 1*G ."%/ 1
86/1 &(1+D~{6y (+Ah7<;#|}(
a?@*NUXM\?E;# !6 AA#
+ W#
+
,1&,*& X
+1P&Y*Gh7<;#6/1 !(1&!D~^B\?E
"#$%;# ++A*G "#$%h7;#6/1 ’!1&’DS
."%/\?E;# &’ A*G ."%/h7;#6/1
!’1&-D~
#"# c5(d^ef
rqv;A+,,-YDE*X1 ’&(A "#$%;#
A|}(’|I|[1 !!!A;#i^DGM|I
d1 V6A;#Yi|DE*X1 (+A;#~i*o
-’! V# 1 )=%jjgG?k|I1’KimRe51 )*$?@
| ! +, "#$%z &"%’;#1mj (-noj?kvO|I~jmRe5<{Z|IB1DG
#)*+ ! ,-. "#$%/&"%’ *.0.1)2 3)045*. 657 508 9,$: ;<= 1=>04 8)56.1.= )0 ?-)0.:. @>@>A.
vO_dKTtju 9,$GH~,-. *=5B =.*)<0: <0 1-. 3)045*. *=<>7 5=. 1-. 7<:)1)<0 <; 9,$: ;<= 1=>04 8)56.1.= +
x C<)0657DEF G2{6y G!! A;#|}vO?
@*’KXa^/ HID A?2;#&*15|[ !G
AvO_1j?kvO|IA| !Y*5}+_&6
EG ! DFJEH 2K*;#=<.DE DE! 2K~sAv
O_d1;#/ H L MF A*vO_1EG!NEO L
!NDEN 2K*<.|D IE! L !!EN 2K*S)@$H1;
#g0t~HID A?2;#B*|[ "#$%;# DNN
A*G J!EMP*&"%’;# DGA*G NEDP~y) !DM
A\?E "#$%;#z !FA\?E &"%’;#DG
MX|IBA;#Q!Ru\?EGMY*\?E;#
OH & ’ ( ) HG"
G|I;#6/1 !"#$%~
!"# g4/^A7hc5(d^i.
|DE*X1 "& A ’()* ;#z !+ A ,’*-
;#DGZ|Id~Z3&fDg1;#1ex8
qv;A.//+YDE*X15AZk|I’K6FB
^ox1 0!A;#XMXox*DGZf1vO|
B*^ B !A*i .AfD;#&KX 0A-1v
O_ 1)230+~Aok[:W) + AZk|Idv
O1;#*^ g|[Zf’|IB*?fu
456576580$&A0"Y5456576680!9A09Y5486765:0!.A!0Y5
45::758.."A.$Yz 458576580;/A0"Y~fD;#*(
Xk|IB@?;#ks1 .0AeoMX 0" A*H*|I16|D/
ks1 0 .!&#" 67 DgMX 0 !/9#" 67*DEX
+#$%*;#=<.DE/ks1 !#9 67eoMX
!#0 67*xjX|I0zG~
f;#1gI*+RXk|Id@?;#=1
vOu8*u*vO_?1:6Xa&yJ*)2.5
)2!z )2"vO_Z $AfD;#1ex8*&K
u 0AvO_ 1)23.S)20!vO_Z .AfD ’()*
;#z .AfD ,’*-;#1ex8*+ku . A
vO_ 1)23$z 1)230!*^ B 1)23$|[ "AfD
;#*1)230!i|[ "Ak )20!vO_d1 ’()*
;#SZ )20"vO_*/, .AfD;#1NZ*
k)1 9 A;#?u . AvO_*1)2300 z 1)23
0"~
= $ j@kOkl^ %&’"9|tJu
&()*$ +,(,-.,-/(0 1(2(34,42. 56 %&’. 652 ,2789 :-(34,424&;5
<=)
vO_
)>?@5:A
:BCDE
GH
*CF>8>C?G
67
;#t=
75B@AB >?8ABH5I
)J-_
)J- H5IDA
SC;#
KA5BAF8
I>?@AL M5B@AB
iSC;#=DE
->F85?6A 8C 8NA
?A5BAF8 M5B@AB G67
VL(
O5B>5?6A
APEI5>?ALG%
=-3.30 1)23. 0&;#+ 455576:809;A/$Y3456676653+!/ .#+/ 455576:809;A/$Y +#/ !$#0
=-3!30 1)23! &0#" 45876:60/;A.+Y3455:766630.+ !#/" 455:766630.+ / 0/#/
=-3"30 1)23" 0$#0 45:76880!$A.0Y345:76880"/A./Y .#$& 45:76880!$A.0Y / 0"#"
=-3"3. 1)23" &&#" 4667665!9!A/;Y34567658!"A!9Y !#.! 4567658!"A!9Y / 0/#0
=-3;30 1)23; "9#! Q!"3+./345:7668+0+A/+Y !#". 45:7668+0+A/+Y / 0!#"
=-3$30 1)23$ / 458576580"&A..Y345:765:00/A.0Y .#;9 458576580"&A..Y / !0#/
!"< kOkl^ %&’;"p)<
{ .//+ $e|_BmRe5/0|}9U?
@$:W*mRe5Ze|_BB#WuvHJ:*
^o_z\G.-, .*Z[/?1|d.#Wu
=oq7?1A| .Y*()}s/K?k1$%*h
i|} <=)DG1DE~
| . mRe5<{#s_Ze|_BB1?1
(>:R . QA:BA:58>C? CS 8BD?@ L>5MA8AB 8B5>8F
>? 8NA M5EE>?: ECEDI58>C?
ox T>C?M5E<=)"#/?@G2*wxt=e|b
{mRe5|} <=)?@*y*XimRe5tu
<=) ;AA| 0*# 0Y*)J- _Z .#+/ U !#".~^B
)J-_ST1u =-3;30*u !#".*i;# 45:7668+0+
A/+Yy?ES^ [u =-3"3.*)J-_u !#!.*i;#
4567658!"A!9Yy?ES=-3.30 1 )J- _S-*u
.#+/*i;# 455576:809;A/$YDE@C*|Du +#/
67~;A <=)?1Z +AvO_,d*^ B =-3"30
z =-3"3. yo?1Z 1)23" vO_d*^ o " A
<=)?f?1Z 1)23.51)23!51)23; z 1)23$ d~
;A <=)=bNZk4e‘1#sJ:.Z 0/%e
d*^ B =-3.30z =-3$30 4e‘1#sJ:@j*
?fu !$#0%z !0#/%S=-3!304e‘1#sJ:
S-*u 0/#/%~
! d’
|DEox ’()*z ,’*- .m;#’Kj?
k|I*/!"4R ’()*h7, ,’*-~7$ ’()*(amh7?2;#rs*{,’K|IzDg|IgG(j
<1~3i^gDE’1VO!"tauA{,@
&"! $# 1 )=%jjgG?k|I1’KimRe51 <=)?@
=*!""#SU-=*!""$SM+?=*!""$Y~!ZZ
e|ox(a+*%&’(;#1ox(u )*+,-*p
j, &./’;#1ox(*$’u )!+#-~345
(_u|DEGox &./’ ;#.sm, !"#%!0
$%&!M8)&i1)8l‘*!"#%!C.+BM
/01qr@-** !"#%!0$%&!&iGNU1G
Mh/0ZOOk8P.+BFG@j1LvZ!
tjA,1R=*!""1SQa=*!"",YSZ %&’(;#
?1KL<4*~’d4.P?1,~A+_&*Y
:?DGM|IB~
?2;#:6\?E(ampq16‘)W
!*gnu(6‘|B1Lp,aA/23345*6776Y~y
!\?E45Iqr;#=?kDE1?U_z
89/DG!"*AZ?kvO|’Kz 89/DGB
\?E1qrTTgo2A<*t=*!""$Y*_u1
"r\?E;#3kr)45~*TK\-1]
?55>+_&15}(zPHF&Lo1 89/
A/:; &’ () <*!""*Y~Z|DE’K|IG|[1;
#B*y) 6,$A;#:6X\?E*G|I;#6
/1 1,+)-*i^g(R_‘?k|Itj*Vq
T"y~A\?E;#ZivO_B?1n.P*
=/>?6*=/>?!*=/>?,z =/>?*TAvO_d0BX
m/ed1\?EGMSZ 6,$A\?EGMB)
)6AGMA**+6-Y\s,^|*) ## AGM
A,,+7-Y\s,K|~~*3mW!1k_45(
ZcvO_dFGMNZn]z7@?n]z1=
G+_*u*iNa=G+_tvO1;#Z2j
B6G]W*JZ#W]\?EZ$DvO_d0
B?1zwu2j_B+_s\s^|7\sK|
1?EW!~
kj?k|I|[ 6,vO_*T,j$TB/
}A* @ 6!Y*qv;A!""*Ynu3(_u@?$TB
vNZ;#r*@?vO_vB?s*Sgi$TB/}t{
=~Z|DEB*fD;#1gIy!*k|I1
1AvO_vB*aAT1vO_*Aok[:W !
Ak|IvO_g+k1W!~^Be />61vO
_Su$H*ZfD;#1ex8*, A />61 d1
&./’;#JvO_dkw]s*z*XaA-1v
O_ =/>?61~tu3mW!1k_45i &./’;
#1uM)u~4{V=A677)YDE#$ &./’;
#NZLo1uM*8th/K1 &./’;#Z9
U)d%5G@j1128n#W]i^g;#1
vO*5>%5G$[#WvOt4Z*~AvO
|1EGHMDg*3i|I1;#gG>)@T
1u8~kj?k|Id1 *A &./’;#^gD
GZf’K|Id*[45(3Ak_~*1~
Zf’K1|Id**:W@?DGZk|I
d1;#=1?kDEzt{GH:6yJ*3m
W!ZivO_d@upq*k =/>?6! ~ =/>?6*
n.):6~F6=A!""1Y57Mp=A!""#YZ|
}|Iggk*[:Woi1W!~3445i’
|kwx1hMNU)u~hMUO%TE{im
451;#]!aZ|}STh!?U*!$%6
h!jNO,D]45K1Dh*s[hMUO451]!/rI^[4
/}d8*3I*e|G2ZSX]!aZ1gh
d:6JB*[]tuX@?;#=DEzGH1
yJ~3mjUq,i<*)‘|abCN*A3
m;#GH1JB=cnIqr 89/ DG1+
,<~
Zj<{1 89/DErj*i)r[f(=E
G5j9(=EG5k]z75k]K::[K5\&
uj^g<{ 89/DG1DE*}RvV<9~|
DED[{%xjmRe5<{1 89/ |}XD
G*JZuE+|}j<{1 89/DGD#Xf1
~’+c~A(/, 89/DG(Z{/K<{#
s_|}?@+cd1DE*89z:K$pZa
DFGdqr#s_i+_s,=1{=FG~Z
|DEDG1jmRe51 89/ism, !""*$
6$1/0*^ 5{^<{|}6E~891;<*
GDG1 89/5UnZE+*)‘|abJl~"
IXe=A/K+_AGA89/YZ<{:K6FB
+_#d1ka+1DE*r(A$DE1as~
J K - .
U -*u=>*^ a?*= < !""$ <@A?2vO?k|I1’K~
\BM 89/DG M+?*oC8*H +*= E~j@?@ {,@*G!E*FG8*= < !""# 9%&’;#?k|I’K G <*-KV*-cJ < !""* <=x %&’(;#qrcdji9j1
), & ’ ( ) ,*"
?r)u8 !&’()*"#A$Y%#%$ & #%’!
F 6*^ it*KLM*= ! $(() !x *+,-;#0zTN ../?kv
O| !?2_‘Km*)A$Y%#0) & #1$ !
qv; !$((’ !j?kvO|I’K~<{1 23,DGDE !WD%
4QZ’T)Ic)G’? !
Q a*^ 5&*{’O*= ! $((" !BC9| *+,-?2?k|I1’
K !5QZ)J*#4A#Y%$% & ))!
Q26*jGP*)Q$ ! #44# !_‘6~) !QR%BC&’]DE !
7M5*~ggR$vO|1j@?@ !Z’6‘qr)J*#"A)Y%)%1
& )4( !
4{V*QZ<*G,9*= ! #44% !l^. 56*z *+,-;#ZUR
?2;#vO|d1?1 !_‘)J*"(A1Y%0(’ & 0#"!
,1R*QSm*1bT ! $(() !T9|?2?k|I1’Ki?@ !
BCZ’()*)0A$Y%#4( & #4’!
<*t*QF5*QK%*= ! $((1 !zu557z /8,\?E_B?k
|I1Lf’K !()%J*’$A%Y%4#% & 4$$!
,9: ,*;<=>? @ A*B9 .! $((’ ! * C9=>DED=DEFG ?G>GDEHI J:KGL M:N FE=OELEDP
IGLGHDE:>! 7GNGKEDP*4"%)"1 & )’’!
,PDDLG 3 Q!#44#! .G?NG?=DE:> KEID:NDGNI! *>>9 /GF RG>GD*$’%’## & ’"’ !
-=DGNI:> **SN9O=TGN U*QG>KLG V! #44) ! * N=WEK JGD<:K M:N GXDN=HDE:> :M
A!"##$%&’( IWW!Y?G>:JEH 56* I9ED=OLG M:N /+,- :N -U/ =>=LPIEI!
-L=>D A:LGH9L=N SEL:L?P /GW:NDGN*##A$Y%#$$ & #$1!
!"#$% T U)
’mQ)noLpqrImQ+~stHFuLvn
1% $%x3%% $x*BC&)IZqT69U\X!)"m&’(q#B1C 0(0j#ygI#~
I#/BC&)IjWXE5&’(q#B?I2CEFI:v2X~BC&)ITyjWXEHL
C*qTE&’>Y2F5qTE&)I~nEQZ][I#H@X\~QZ~nEZ]^_B]^XqT
E1~!lmz&’Kx1A(SHLCTyjWXEZu_B)?‘DX&’(q#B?I*{ "$s
G+X1*a*bcYTIFe?Iue*jL&’(q#Bz()qrn’1,(,i:]~Id*#eX!rVEC&’(q#B5*CD*
Hs*!’j#f:XCX~A&’gLUEB2C.,6j#*!CDZTId:O~
qTEQb>1GK&@Ej#qTEM08W}c5qTEQb>h/iX#4X$uQusjk6
789(11sA}1{CR1$jJm~JmxJ 0Eh^]~kl1eDBsg]s1 )((he|]
]LXq|jk5qTD1ma~qTE1}?567~m6L_‘=~!!.*CMiIj#1+n]^~
A&’()BCD@j#Qo45ATS&’(qB2CHGg5A&lB)i;’BCD@2CQo5A4Q&’
T))JBCD@^K5?f]A&’(q#B $((03$((1$G:]{(9:B5AC((q#BWyWj&
’B5AQTd7#B1vw+;$%emB5AQp;+(jo{CCD1EI{CB=$}4XTIJm~
uX}qDdI1pr*xjTHurcd14s*TI*?feQ_t_p*+~5*&’(q#BR
zQ#BZ{wC891=xcdiurRu$&!X8A2#~3mura1XMXTH1YZn4~T
HaunuCD=cnkxjA}i:z’y5pSZ;eB=cQp}’y"S=,iwxZ{wC89
xj;e<(*Y(nWy,e’zm’Suv2p=GL2#B;e*gT{#B1IXpG~
#B?I2CEFI:v*U\X?IEFAwIPdA$8$1?I;eU]Sug4&!Kxz
tjcP*Cnj{IF#B|}?&et?t]\}L~
KO1C&’(DU<1xj*&’(q#BCBU<[)X4Txj*ZjL&’~2ef*g4C
L)rura+?MXLo1ex~O[I#uCD}FY(n9xWj&’:]bc*&’#B=ur
*x1CB)OxxXLI~
4"! %# 1 )=%jjgG?k|I1’KimRe51 23,?@