为探讨亚热带森林对氮沉降增加的响应,在12年生的杉木人工林中开展4种水平的模拟氮沉降试验,分N0(对照),N1,N2,N3等4种处理,氮沉降量分别为0,60,120,240 kg ·hm-2 a-1。模拟氮沉降2年后,4种不同氮沉降水平杉木人工林的年凋落量分别为1 008.83,1 164.10,1 147.30和976.47 kg ·hm-2,表明低中氮处理(N1,N2)在一定程度上增加森林凋落物量,而高氮处理(N3)则表现出一定的抑制作用。叶凋落物中C,N元素含量随氮沉降水平的增加而增加,而C/N则呈不断下降的趋势。经不同氮沉降处理后,凋落物C元素的归还量分别为474.70,544.07,538.55和474.02 kg ·hm-2,N元素的归还量分别为7.21,8.56,9.03和9.04 kg ·hm-2,P元素的归还量分别为1.17,1.24,1.32和1.09 kg ·hm-2,说明与N0处理相比,氮沉降显著提高N元素的归还量,而N1,N2处理提高C,P元素归还量,N3处理对C归还量影响不明显,但降低P的归还量。
This field experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old Chinese fir plantation. Four levels of nitrogen, that is N0 (0 kg N ·hm-2a-1), N1(60 kg N ·hm-2a-1), N2 (120 kg N · hm-2a-1) and N3 (240 kg N ·hm-2a-1), were annually added with three replicates in each level. After seccessive two-years additions of the nitrogen, the annual litterfall production was estimated to be 1 164.10, 1 147.30 and 2 599.50 kg ·hm-2 , respectively for N1, N2 and N3 treatments, compared with 976.47 kg ·hm-2 for the control (N0), indicating that the low-to-medium N loads (N1 and N2) increased litterfall amount significantly, while high levels of N deposition (N3) decreased the quantities to some extents. The concentrations of C and N in fallen leaves increased with the increasing nitrogen deposition, but C/N ratios decreased gradually from 65.55 (N0) to 65.38 (N1), 61.77 (N2), and 53.77 (N3). The annual C flux through litterfall to the forest floor was estimated at 474.70, 544.07, 538.55 and 474.02 kg ·hm-2, and the annual N at 7.21, 8.56, 9.03 and 9.04 4 kg ·hm-2, and the P at 1.17, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.09 g ·hm-2; respectively, for the above four treatments (N0, N1, N2 and N3). The annual N flux responded positively to the increased nitrogen loads, C and P fluxes were promoted by N1 and N2 treatments, but inhibited by N3.
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