林隙(gap)又称林窗,指森林群落中老龄树木死亡或偶然因素(如干旱、台风、火灾等)造成成熟阶段的优势种死亡,从而形成林冠空隙的现象(Watt, 1947)。美国生态学家Runkle(1982) 将林隙分为2种,一种是林冠空隙(canopy gap),指上方无树冠遮荫的部分,即太阳处于正中位置时无树冠遮荫的面积之和; 另一种是扩展林隙(expanded gap),指形成该林隙周围树木基部所包围的面积(Runkle,1981)。本研究所指的林隙为应用最为广泛的扩展林隙。
Forest gaps play an important role in the forest structure change, succession and species diversity. Moreover, the gap size directly affects the forest regeneration. In this study, the gap size and regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in the Yanshan Mountain were investigated by the line transects method to analyze the effects of gap size on the regeneration dynamics, and on the density of regeneration seedling and grass diversity. The results showed that there were many medium and small gaps in the near-mature P. tabulaeformis plantation, but rare large gaps. The gaps were basically filled with the regenerated P. tabulaeformis seedlings. In the gaps of 20~100 m2 size there was the earliest forest renewal, and the 10-15-year-old seedlings accounted for more than 80% of the total regenerated seedlings. The gaps of 20-40 m2 size had obviously higher renewal density than the others, but the height of regenerated saplings was generally shorter than that in the smaller gaps. Species diversity and richness indices of herbaceous showed hump-shaped curves with increasing gap size, and the maxes of both indices appeared in 60~80 m2 gaps.
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