免费文献传递   相关文献

Allozymic Genetic Diversity in Larix gmelinii

兴安落叶松等位酶水平的遗传多样性


In this study, a total of 73 plant samples from four natural populations,in Alihe, Huzhong, Aihui and Wuyiling of China, representing all the taxa in Larix gmelinii were used for evaluating the allozymic genetic diversity. Allozyme data for sixteen loci of ten different enzymes were obtained using a starch gel electrophoresis system. Our results revealed high levels of genetic variation in populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 43.8%~62.5%, the average number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.8~2.0, and the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.187~0.257. Additionally, the values of all indexes related to gene abundance were decreasing from the north to the south populations, suggesting that the species might move in the direction from north to south. The analysis on population genetic structure indicated that the variation mainly existed within a population, and the value of FST is 0.111. The level of genetic differentiation was higher than that of gymnosperm on the average. The fixation index (F) of population was > 0, indicating that heterozygote was insufficient in populations. Outcrossing rate (t)(20.8%) was lower. Genetic identity(I) cluster analysis result indicated that the genetic variation in the populations was influenced by geographical isolation, and changed along with latitude.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
-345*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
78fCDb"|=x^c5}6."
a P I>J !K3 1 L
A4Q&’T) fgy 6"%%!%Y
$%&% 4U‘ktS=G)S?kJ:Sx_?B
’()*+#’76#2!8 -./01#- -23+#6%%6 9 7!##4$%%&5%# 9 %67% 9 %"
vwx#%$%%& 9 %$ 9 $8~
+{|}%CH~!+{A:%#7$%8$YSBCIc$+{A$%%7%!$%#&:YSBCIcM+{A$%%#%$$"%%6%YSh#aE~!+{A!$!%%8$" 9 !
9 %#%%"YSh#aEIc$+{A$%%7%!$%#&:YSfgy,(q$uUtA$%%#--8(+%&%Y~
"^Uu%&e’~
!""#$%&’( )*+*,’( -’.*/0’,% ’+ !"#$% &’()$*$$
;<=4 .>=4 ?@30 .>@3<= A<=4 (@3<=B>=4 ?@<=4 C>D
A!"#$%&’($ )"#&($#* +,-.&#(-$* /’#0-, 6"%%!%Y
!10,/2(,% )= E@>F FE3GH*< E0E<1 0I 7: B1<=E F0=F*>= -1>@D*L3M@0=4*->@3> <=G ;3H>1>=4 0I
(@>=<*KDBKDFD=E>=4 <11 E@D E= 1’#-2 34&5-,-- ODKD 3FDG I0K DP<13=4 E@D <110MHJ>Q 4D=DE>Q G>PDKF>EH 5 -110MHJD GF>NEDD= 10Q> 0I ED= G>IIDKD=E D=MHJDF ODKD 0RE<>=DG 3F>=4 < FEF FHFEDJ5 S3K KDF31EF KDPD<1DG @>4@ 1DPD1F 0I
4D=DE>Q P0= >= B0B310=F 5 ,@D BDKQD=E<4D 0I B01HJ0KB@>Q 10Q>A6YOBDK 10Q3FA7YOEHA/DYOE>0=<11H*E@D P<13DF 0I <11
>=GDNDF KD1=4 IK0J E@D =0KE@ E0 E@D F03E@ B0B310=F*F344DFE>=4 E@DF J>4@E
J0PD >= E@D G>KDQE>0= IK0J =0KE@ E0 F03E@5 ,@D <=<1HF>F 0= B0B310= 4D=DE>Q FEK3QE3KD >=G>Q0= J<>=1H DN>FEDG
O>E@>= < B0B310=*<=G E@D P<13D 0I )’, >F %2666 5 ,@D 1DPD1 0I 4D=DE>Q G>IIDKD=E>0= O4@DK E@<= E@N0= >=GDNA)Y0I B0B310= O=G>Q=4 E@=F3II>Q>D=E >= B0B310=F 5 S3EQK0FF>=4
KQ >GD=E>EHA 8YQ13FEDK <=<1HF>F KDF31E >=G>QQ P0= >= E@D B0B310=F
O=I13D=QDG RH 4D04KQ<1 >F010=*<=G Q@<=4DG <10=4 O>E@ 1E3GD 5
3*% 4#/50% 1’#-2 34&5-,--S<110MHJDS4D=DE>Q P0=SB0B310= G>IIDKD=E>0=
4U‘ktA 1’#-2 34&5-,--Y(1Cj&nt2
o~&zx4mm*^ _BM1?khi<4e>
?m_|B1.p*{+_lmW;5Kmdp1x
D)Lo1yDw_~82_‘?khiwx X+-?2;#AY0MHKD=Z0 &$ ’5 5*$%%!SH_B
=*$%%#S[3 &$ ’5 5*$%%#S^U=*$%%&Y*[4ew
x=G)?@qr*$’(*xn=xMtV
A6-,9(YAh9=*6&##S@AB=*6&&&S:;=*
6&&&Y5‘ktVA 1’#-2YA‘k<*6&&7S^)(=*
$%%$Y5RSVA6-:&’YA^[C=*$%%$SKK<=*
$%%8Y=m_?khi<1DEB~
u,4U‘kt)U0=0P<
=A$%%!Ywx=G)?@X6(o)B@m_1?
khi#QFGqrox :Ao;)?@X1C4U‘k
t1m_M?ki?B*C$^m_=NZn:*‘
k?BFG~=G)(+_JB1aA;"*U<8
]G:#QFG=G)?@u_B?k)DExx
X)p;(*(Zx_5mu8V1U?khi<1Loab*[(Wj_‘89z|B
DEGnn4o12pAQBr*6&&!owx=f+i5KLhA)891U<8]G:
#QFGqr*|abDE1C4U‘ktm_x
_M5x_=noAB,=Z?kd1J:*J+_
UJ:1T-~?1|Zcd|Bw$~
6 &’gxy
626 N’ u04U‘kt1?1W{*CUmm
tt1;+A‘k<=*6&&6Y*94U‘kt?1t
?u !A-t%6YT4UEQ@mmt*C2u!S
$YT4UEBY@mmt*C2u"S:Y-4UE
Q@mmt*C2u#S!Y-4UEBY@mm
t*C2u!~ZsaAmmtMg+a&tj#
ct1?11i~Z"tg+uB*#tg+>n
4*$tg+?@*!"tg+M^E~93 # An
teu #Ax_*|}x_+iA# $Y~
=C‘k$*Z4U‘kt #AF!x_B*s
Ax_g+ $% Aed=f*x_Mif=D8o
&% ’~sf+ # Af1*f18zNOP)e~u
:fk*kE8 $ (’rsgeVO4,~Zx_
M?=f+Yk*sf+ & )u $Ai~
$*+ >?jYZ wx1BQA893a@# +~
gx $+A)89*HJ $+A)89Bg] $%m?
E6(5I8~W1)89A# ,Y44U‘ktm
_?k!’5?kJ:1DE~
$*, j@m/>[AB yDRYtA !"#$%
&$##’#(#%"%Y_B?k)DE1=G)?@abA:
;=*$---Y~
= ! "~78fCD9‘7>"9|Qj
#$%&! ’()$*+(, $,- .(/01* *2301 (. .(4/ 3(345$*+(,1 (. !"#$% &’()$*$$
C2 ./0 x_ 1/234567/8 )G 9/8)763:; WG 956763:; &s 6 6?2;
$ uB @3AB/8) $+,C##DE &+C%+D. Ur‘kt& F=5>>G45=(B H/=;>6 6?2;
+ >n4 I47B; $+,C##DE &%C,&D. UrUA‘kt& F=5>>GJ43;J;==?G45=(B H/=;>6 6?2;
, ?@ I7B37 $+KC+%DE #-C&#D. Ur‘kt& F=5>>G45=(B H/=;>6 6?2;
# M^E L3?7478) $+-C+MDE #NC,&D. Ur‘kt& F=5>>G45=(B H/=;>6 6?2;
= 6 1:;<=
#$%&6 750)*/(38(/0*+) %4..0/
89jN O/:; #QBQA F;4 J3HH;= F3BQA E4;(6=/:; J3HH;=
P
%*%%- ’/4A9Q $RS$*%N- - ) 2@ N*%SD68 $ %%% ’9
%*%%- ’/4A9Q $ R=7>ARG$&%,YS%*%%& ’/4A9Q $ 9GB7>67:78; ’/8/
@O4S$*%N- - ) R=7>ARG$&%,YS$*%#N ) 9GB7>67:78;S2@ N*%S
S7>>/4T;: 6/ $ %%% ’9
%*%#% ’/4A9Q $Q $*+*, Q!+ Qn+ Q $*+*, Q!%*%#% ’/4A9Q $R=7>S%*$%& ’/4A9Q $ (76=7( 5(7: #*N## ) R=7>S
++*%M% ) (76=7( 5(7:S2@ N*%SS7>>/4T;: 6/ $ %%% ’9
U $
%*%+% ’/4A9Q $ 9 Q&I9R9RS#*$-% ) 9 Q&I9R9RS
x $*% ’/4A9Q $ .5V@9 2@u K*%SD68 $ %%% ’9
%*%+% ’/4A9Q $ 9GB7>67:78; @O4S#*$-% ) 9GB7>67:78; @O4SL76B $*%
’/4A9Q $ .5V@ 5:W3>6;: 2@ 6/ K*%SS7>>/4T;: 6/ $ %%% ’9
%*#%% ’/4A9Q $UB9<[S$$K*M#% )UB9<[Sx $*%
’/4A9Q $@O49 2@u K*%SD68 $ %%% ’9
%*#%% ’/4A9Q $ (76=7( 5(7:*6=7>/:73’ >546S$$K*M#% ) (76=7(
5(7:*6=7>/:73’ >546SL76B $*% ’/4A9Q $ @O4 5:W3>6;: 2@ 6/ K*%S
S7>>/4T;: 6/ $ %%% ’9
= 9 !:~|X:|t1:;<=X:
#$%&9 #0, 0,;2<01 $,- *80+/ 050)*/(38(/0*+) %4..0/
)89
E8A?’; 85’;
p[
IJJ=;T7567/8
BQA89
X3HH;= >?>6;’
M Q:9+,Kd#)
MG2B/>2B/)43(/856; :;B?:=/);85>; 1FS P
:UB9d#) !>/(76=56; :;B?:=/);85>; !S@ P
7C2) S752B/=5>; S!I P
W) E>6;=5>; EYR P
ID) I’78/2;267:5>; IZ1 P
n"9d#) Z5456; :;B?:=/);85>; ZS@ P
6;B‘) 1;=/[7:5>; 1EP P
5I9d#) F4365’56; :;B?:=/);85>; FS@ P
:9+,KJG) 1B/>2B/)43(/’365>; 1FZ P
FmI9fI)
I>25=65>; 5’78/6=58>H;=5> IIR U $
$*# \]^_OCD/> VO/0ox X!VY\Y
]$$*Kz 1V1FE.E$*,+,+G2e~zBV~ei+
_GM1=G+__(u+|/0*?V+c?k
hi6 $%g)<
+*$ >?EL?F?bl #Ax_ K,Ai|4
,1 $%A)89*,D $MA=G+_GM*^ B)
&A=7GM%!S@*EYR*FS@*IIRG+*ZS@G$S$$A
+_GM(h71*h7GMB) +A=G+_1
GM) ZS@G+*ZS@G,*1FS*S!IG$*IZ1G$*IZ1G+*
1FZG+*IIRG$S) , A=G+_1GM) S!IG+*
1EP*1FZG$~
+*+ GHP‘IJKCD?bl =G)GMd
mK4U‘kt # Ax_?kJ:1+;_@#
#~h7GMG?(A !Y1JL"yZ %*#,N ^
%*M+&*<._u %*&#KSsAGM=G+_<./
A)Yu $*N ^ +*% A*<._u $*- AS.UwiG
A*/Yu %*%,N ^ %*$#%*<._u%*%K$ &S#cwi
GA *;YJL"yZ %*$NK ^ %*+&K*<._u
%*++, ,SCD+/A +Yu %*#&& ^ %*K#%*<._u
%*M&&S:u(A ,Yu %*$#- ^ %*,K&*<._u %*+%N~
$K$! N# Q N=%4U‘kt=G)U<1?khi<
4@4U‘ktm_B) !"#$%1GM^Wh7
W!*GsAGM=G+_/d &#’A*#cwiG
jd (#))* **8m_e,u ))#**%~
= ! 78fCD !~9‘ "#~"Nc5}6.
$%&’! ()*)+,- .,/)01,+2 34 "# 53-, ,* 4360 73765%+,3*1 34 !"#$% &’()$*$$
x_
+,-./012,3
i|/
405-/6 7286
sGM<.
=G+_/
9.5:6; ,<
/,=2A!Y
h7GMG?(
+6;=6310>6 ,<
-,/?5,;-@2=
/,=2A"YA%
.UwiG
B@6 ,:76;C6D
@616;,8?>,721?
A#,Y
#cwiG
B@6 6E-6=16D
@616;,8?>,721?
A#6Y
CD+/
B@6 <2E012,3
23D6EA$Y
:u(
F.1=;,7723>
;016A %Y
& >n4 G/2@6 &H )#( I)#! (#&"( (#)!$ (#"!! (#*$!
) uB J.8@,3> &I )#( I)#! (#(*H (#))I (#$*) (#&!!
* ?@ G2@.2 &’ &#’ !(#( (#(!H (#))* (#$"( (#&"’
" M^E K.?2/23> )( &#H "*#H (#(!( (#&H$ (#$** (#&!"
<. L603 &#’ !"#$ (#($) (#))* (#II! (#)(H
" Ax_1CD+/ $ _q$HT, (*#$
m_BwiBnd~F!m_BwiBnd(@T
@1W!*AB=i) )(#H%1:u*:uUh>*_Z6j1~u(7Cu(~*cm_wi
Bnd12ok_~.UwiGA#,Y>,,#w
iGA#6Y*#$NL1=G+__(\EfE M=
(.AJ0;D?NK623:6;>Y6KW!~
)#* GHP‘ImLK/f wx $ 9UKA#
!YsjU~A?1tM4U‘ktF!_B1?k
J:5?BZ_BMz_B=1?3*(~J# !
4@%h7GMB<) OPGN& GMwiB6K*^
oGM.NZwiBndW!*$ PB*$ P4<._qu
q_*wiB\E#cjv1FG@%L*2o/,
Th/GMd1=G+_Zm_B:6XCD~/
4U‘kt "Ax_ &&Ah7GM1 $4B._4R
x_=?BFGu &&#&%*86B?kJ:)
&&#&%1J:sm,nox_=*) HH#’%1J:
NZ,x_M~_BNZ)l1hi26KW!~
= 8 78fCD !~9‘ ""~}C"N^ +:;H)<
$%&’8 $9) :6;;%02 34 +<1+%+,1+,-1 %+ "" 53-, 34 +9) 4360
!"#$% &’()$*$$ 73765%+,3*1
GM
Q,=.7
CD+/
P3:;66D23>
=,6<<2=2631A$P4Y
32VLG
P3:;66D23> =,6<<2=2631
01 1@6 1,10/ 705-/6
/6C6/A$PBY
_B=?BG
O2<<6;6312012,3
=,6<<2=2631
A$4BY
+RO &#((( &#((( (#)H*
OPGN& M (#&!) (#&$( (#)H(
OPGN) (#’*" (#’*I (#())
GL+N& &#((( &#((( (#(!I
GL+N) &#((( &#((( &#&$I
LOJN) &#((( &#((( (#(!&
LOJN* &#((( &#((( (#(&*
+ST (#I!& (#I$) (#(!H
+RLN& (#$!I (#$I! (#(*!
+RLN) &#((( &#((( (#("H
GGUN& &#((( &#((( (#(I&
<. L603 (#$*’ (#$IH (#&&&
)#" GHP‘IJKCmCD=G wx?ka
uGz?kDE{x_,=to,ezno,eg
eKBA# IY~4U‘ktx_=?kauG@
j*<._4d(#’$) !S?kDE@-*Z (#((’ V
(#("!,=*<._u (#($H*ix_,=]lu8
@C~@C1FG4wxgv<./rbs(BZ
z!n"#*e?kauGu+c1/r!"@|
&~/|4@*>n4iuB]lu8SC*M^E
[,*?@S\*?kDEST~JZjUm_?k
J:45NZn~jEu8~
= # 78fCD !~9‘S^c5Q>f4A?@Jx5
gc5Aa4A?@%x5!
$%&’# =),>1 ?)*)+,- ,.)*+,+,)14%&3/) .,%?3*%5
%*. ?)*)+,- .,1+%*-)4&)53@ .,%?3*%5 %;3*? +9) 4360
73765%+,3*1 34 !"#$% &’()$*$$
x_ +,-./012,3 & ) * "
& (#’’& (#’H" (#’$H
) (#((’ (#’!I (#’$(
* (#(&I (#("! (#’!I
" (#()) (#(*( (#("!
!x_j2o# &~+,-./012,3 9,# 27 1@6 7056 07 23 B0:# &#
?kauG R63612= 2D63121?
| & 4U‘kt "Ax_1?kauG/r|
W2>X & Y+RLG D63D;,>;05 ,< 1@6 <,.; &’()* +,-.)/))
-,-./012,37 :076D ,3 962G7 >63612= 2D63121267
A v3
*#& GHP‘IjGH[IM{NLKOPl/
> |DEB)[A)89it(A+230=606Y^ g
)$& & ’ ( ) "!"
V7|Vnommm_DE!"nau*%x)G
M1/KNZn:*452o)e8[Ak_tu
FGI8/K)Gno%!Ynomm|#1n:S
"Yno;<7&!)89#dnozno:Kk#
)1}<45noAQBr*!##$%Y*Ze&)89
DEBx1a[q(m2x9*Z|DEBx1(
’kzk*no;<7&!*)1}#dd~!noS&Y#QFG89no*e&wx
1(heM{/!";<#QFG*Z|DE[w
xU<8]G:#QFG*noFG89?’(n
oS$Yno1BQA89z$Tab~
&’" GHP‘IJKnLKCD/f 4U‘kt
x_=1?BFGoj,82_‘1<.?BFG
A!() * +’,-Y*[j,E1h$6I|_‘<.?
BFGA!() * .’+-Yz:u?(_‘1<.?BF
GA!() * #’#-Y~{G)1x_*Y^(~!_B*
a[q(h=891*vw189JB!ox_M
)@T1J:?1*<[c_B]n45PDn6
N*t{s7*oa‘mZ(1~!?1tM*x_
,=Jh=a1df=c(j@au1Sx_M3
mJ:a[{gmdp1yD}>nT*_u?1
Zx_M1J:2o>?x_1PD<*Z?1Z
x_=1J:IZq>?X_BZno89B1h
=*(~^O,*?1Zx_=1J:T-*ZFm
FGd7$Xc6‘{no89h=1YZFG*
(UT*c6‘h=189]UY*3mJ:[in
~56hjE)uAFYE=*!##/Y~/O4@*4
U‘ktx_=@j1J:{^h=Ge895;
Xm_PDktm_{no89h=1BWa1~
Z_‘FB*82_‘()@j1J:U<*(
)@jU?(k:5!N(jze,nBM#1‘mAh9
=*!#,,Y*4U‘kt](/X3&$<~J?r
_QGf*82_‘1?khi<<._ " *
/.’.-*# * !’#&*$0 * 1’!+1SJ6}ssf*I|
_‘1J:<.( " * /1’1*# * !’.#*$0 * 1’!$#S
JHKQGsf*:u?(_‘1J:<.( " *
$!’+-*# * !’+$*$0 * 1’!&&A:;*!##+Y~4U‘
ktm_1 "5# _e,B\dU<*$0 [e,j
U<*3i‘k234567683=A"11$Y{6(o)B@4U‘ktm_
?khikhi"5#5$0 i|+_TUG+;/QsYC>n45
uB5?@5M^E=[e-A>n45uB #5" t
oY*/,41]’1x_TUGojks1x_=
9Xh*()@o1=G+_7wi!##"Y*/O4ejkm_451Z2&Kas*4
enu4U‘ktZ1C1?1(/QsY41
1*3ic==A!##/Y?@!"@au~4U‘k
tm_WXth1|B_}G*()@)?1|B
.p~
1C)*4Q@14U‘kt(/j@*01
6(o)‘ktnBZs1*(ar?B@\@$
)1m_AYZ=*!##/Y~^/QsY3]sF*Z
-4UE/,?1nvH*3mnvH45(}u
7pqJB5‘mBj=k_tu1*Z~!sYs
F6FB*<)@?+_&K*gdn~jE1q
r*eoXi^gx_1_H1+_rL~*~u
7C]wu_(gT*+_TUG85**){no
891i~h=<**Xx_=?kthkDEgT~ZZT4UE?1tM4U‘kt1
?1(vH1*:u?(k:*_H+_urtu?
kDE@-*auG@j~x_=?kDEz<=
DENZaDtu<*n~jE45(_B?B1
2ok_*h!_B=1?k:;<[i+_s1
n:gh7+_&J)u~
=G)?@!"IXX3iaA!’%|BB
1~!ghZ4U‘kt?khi?k!’l6z;XB[?Loex~
J K - .
h 9*Q$G*o’V ’ !#,,’ xo;)DEDTt_B1?k!
’ ’ &’()*"$A$Y%&## ; $1,’
H_B*X"B*{CK ’ "11,’ )*$$A"Y%+$ ; +#’
KK<*5EB*oo# ’ "11+’ RSF!_B?khi<1=G)
J: <_‘67)J*&1A!Y%!+/ ; !.&<
FYE*$ms < !##/ < _B?khiA+Y%/$& ; //1<
c =*|/0*H9? < !##/ < \_Aln4U‘ktm2o;)
1DE Y Z*5EB*=776> ? @*%& ’( < !##/ <[m‘ktmmk}B AB@
1?B~^89nBu81[> < &’()*&!A$Y%&.& ; &.,<
QBr < !##$3< _‘?khi‘hi<*"A!Y%&, ; $&<
QBr < !##$%< _‘?khi‘hi<*"A"Y%#! ; #/<
‘k< < !##. < 4U‘kt56mm?k!’ <4Q&’T))J*
"/A&Y%! ; /<
‘k<*‘X?*c9U*= < !##! < 4U‘ktmmVODE
&.!! ,# Q N=%4U‘kt=G)U<1?khi<
A!Y333mmtt !4Q&’T))J*"#AKmuBY%$$ % &’
: ; ! "##( !RYt?khi)G’? !
: ;*3 I*2/v !"### !RYtx_?k)DE1=G)?@
ab !RY_‘DE*)"A"Y%(& % &*!
^[C*Q H*I#o*= ! )**) !oWRS=G)_B?k1hi
^ U*X"B*{CK*= ! )**# !YaoNSmm?khik?B !&’()*,+A"Y%+* % +(!
^)(*L29*‘ o ! )**) !_m‘kt?ku81=G)?@ !
_‘DE*))A)Y%)), % )’* !
@AB*^ ,K*$JH*= ! "### ! F!ot&=G)DE !_‘D
E*"#A"Y%$+ % $#!
-./01234. 5 5*617084.9: ; <*=283.9: > ?*!" #$ ! )**, ! >2327@A
B@921C@70 :3B 12D:7@.3CE@FC :G.3H I@J21@:3 :3B K:1 ;:C7213 L:1AE2C
@3M2112B M1.G =6N? :3:D0C@C! =8CC@:3 O.813:D .M >2327@AC*,*A,Y%,*"
% ,*#!
L:1@.3.9: 6 P*P:4E329: Q <*6J:@G.9 6 N! )**, ! >2327@A B@921C@70 :3B
B@MM21237@:7@.3 .M >G2D@3 L:1AE %#&’( )*!$’+’’ F.F8D:7@.3C M1.G ;9234@:
AR2371:D I@J21@:Y! =8CC@:3 O.813:D .M >2327@AC*,*A"*Y%"")$ % ""’’!
S:3H TE.3H123! "##) ! 6 A.GF:1:7@92 :DD./0G2 C78B0 .3 .32 6C@:3 :3B 7U.
6G21@A:3 F.F8D:7@.3C .M .C71@AE M213A,#""!-..’# /"&-"0’12"!&’/Y:3B @7C
J@.H2.H1:FE@A @GFD@A:7@.3! RE7E:0:*,%" % &!
V8 IE@W@3*X:821 R >*Q2DC.3 R ?! )**& ! >2327@A B@921C@70 U@7E@3 :3B
:G.3H F.F8D:7@.3C .M CE.17D2:M F@32A 3’+-/ !.0’+#"# 5@DD !Y:3B D.JD.DD0
F@32A 3’+-/ "#!4# L!Y! X122 >2327@AC Y >23.G2C*,A,Y%&+# % &(&!
!"#$% T U)
’stM_)*V,E-./
A6‘;B);FBAI%BY(/CH&’>2p5BC&(F&lB);’DEG2C1*+sCMn
0\:}1EC6‘;B;}’1qrrB‘~6,\|*+(N*N:j2 )& % )*+*CM$rw ’( !**A*C
n:}j2 Z5 )$,’*Cn$Dw ’(aA*CMB2 RQ ’) % "$(&[I*\IIQ "($’ % +&+,~A6‘;B);FBr
b]qrr#B1$M*rLw21k<<~(aCAB)?|BAR6Yv$#B5QBC#BE?/00R5
QB?(q#B/00R5QEa/03/\B#B_R5QR;NIB?F2#BWyRE?v$#B5QBC)r
#B*ivw/00R9UBm#B5AR6O % R?y"Be}5*#B5ECZ’d7#B~
BHCD nZe}CH1)ua’ut*u)pKxWy5uW|1C6‘;B;l’1:]Wy~
BHx[ ~’iNVt!i*p~zxjt!i*>tqr,r*W|}’:]~
=ECF 4b61I;z%I;6‘;lm1B)g;iox*|}6‘;5m56‘;B)D56
‘;f4,56‘;F!}<*?zxF~v=~2oJAM:utLB)56‘;5mB)56‘;E4
,56‘+x5j?24,5QIJB)5W&_‘lmx+‘B)ox589W;;F5I4xF~vu2
1&vaBBz&lB);Fx/DExU=a+1SfDE*"~
q"GH DEJm5*#v’5}’+M5CMn\-=~
IJAs h,Jn6‘;B);’5&lB);’5&’5Z’5W;55m5);5B;58W5_H5?
D5Vl5PN5n3=}’Jn(D5b)56l5)V5xU;e=tu}cqm~
z{$KjLXMN-|ON$NR#XyP+QR
-|By N>:}*N:j2 )& % )*+*=% )+x]D~s3Dw (]**A*E$ ’(]**A~[4eB
s|BCD@rq~
70%)"**,) YR,O{_J "(2 &lB;DEGM
12%A*)+Y&+,&),#) 56%A*)+Y&+,&),#’
!""#%[[UUU! JA2! :A ! A3 $^%&’(%JA2_9@F!"(’ ! A.G
,$" & ’ ( ) ,+"