利用1995年6月和2009年6月的TM卫星影像数据,计算西安市同期的归一化植被指数(NDVI),并以此为基础,反演植被覆盖度,通过植被覆盖度大于0.1的归一化植被指数的差值分级,量化分析西安市1995—2009年的植被状况。结果表明: 西安市NDVI均值从1995年的0.252 2提高到了2009年的0.388 2,山区与前山缓坡带NDVI高,平原区受夏收刚过的耕地裸露的影响,NDVI低; 从1995年到2009年,极低覆盖度、低覆盖度和高覆盖度植被的面积均有所减少,占全市土地面积的比例分别降低了1.05%和22.25%和1.81%,而中覆盖度和极高覆盖度植被的土地面积分别增加了12.68%和12.43%; NDVI差值指数统计结果显示,无论是全市还是各地势分区,均以中度改善和极度改善的面积为主体,市域内二者合计面积占到了全市有植被覆盖土地面积的86.81%,而全市域植被退化面积仅占全市有植被覆盖土地面积的5.57%; 生态退化区域主要分布在市区、户县与周至县行政边界交汇区的北部区域和山区太白山主峰一带,生态极度改善区域主要分布在山区与关中平原区的交错带一线、周至县的黑河河谷、地跨临潼区与蓝田县的骊山山区和周至县的平原区等地。
In this paper, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated based on the TM satellite image data taken in June, 1995 and June, 2009, and was in turn used to estimate vegetation coverage in Xi‘an city. The vegetation change was quantitatively assessed with the NDVI when the vegetation coverage was more than 0.1. The result showed that the vegetation situation was improved. In 1995, the average value of NDVI was 0.252 2, but in 2009, the value reached 0.388 2. The highest NDVI was in mountain area and the ecotone region between the mountain and the plain, while the lowest NDVI was in plain region because the crops were just harvested by then. From 1995 to 2009, the area with extreme low, low and high vegetation coverage reduced by 1.05, 22.25 and 1.81 percentage, respectively, and the area with the medium and extreme high coverage increased by 12.68 and 12.43 percentage. The difference value index of NDVI indicated that the moderate and extraordinary amelioration area were occupied 86.81% of total area. The degraded area only occupied 5.58%, and mainly distributed in the Xi’an districts, the highest peak in a Taibai mountain range and the northern part of ecotone area between Zhouzhi County and Huxian County. The amelioration area was mainly distributed in the ecotone area among Qinling Mountain and Guanzhong plain, Heihe river valley, Lishan mountain and the plain part of Zhouzhi County. The driving forces of the vegetation change would include the implementation of natural forest protection and grain for green in the mountain, orchard development, new village construction, as well as the greening in the city.
全 文 :!!"
" !
#$
#
% $ # %
$
#$
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1#$
2345!% $ # %
*+,#
" %$#% 6$9 6$"#
-.,#
" %$#% 6$" 6<#$
/012
"
æq(Bp
%
345
&
(Brs12
%$##:,;<":$<( $
/at=sLM±Tuc{WLMæs
!
,-.
#
?
/01
#
?
234
%
#1
òæ&()DEm&DE;
?
&vwxoæqvwxyz
?
æq&qy{&DEòz
?
7c
#$$$7##
%1
òæ()m8()FO;DE;
?
7c
#$$#$#(
!
?
"
! ?
ø
#77=
$
8
%·
%$$7
$
8
%T
+`
ÈÉ$x
!
©ªuc{÷#Tt=sLM±
*;.((!
ô
±/G
!
Ï{LM|}
!
²RLM|}ia
$1#
Tt=sLM±T@~
!
sIuc{
#77=-%$$7
$TLM
P
$
"
uc{
*;.(
@¾
#77=
$T
$1%=% %
L®øB
%$$7
$T
$1<"" %!
d9Fåd;*;.(
®
!
96*RT8
T$%
!*;.(
ã
#
¾
#77=
$ø
%$$7
$
!
ã|}
)
ã|}·®|}
LMTÀ;
!
Ï{j8TÓ½ãB
#1$=h
·
%%1%=h
·
#1"#h!
¿ò|}·®|}
LMTj8ÕÖB
#%18"h
·
#%1!
!
?¯Ï{H¯8e9
!
ôò·Tc>
!
{Wç4ÿ©øBÏ{ÀLM|}j8T
"81"#h!
¿Ï{W
LMsÏ{ÀLM|}j8T
=1=9h#
XYs9Wc°¹¨{9
)
Fí3¢
99T7p9W·d9ßidc=!
XY9Wc°¹¨d9Fïò9T\=Ê
)
í3
TÇÇ
)
8b9F-Tdd9·í3T9Å8
$
#$%
" ?
t=sLM±
#
LM|}
#
LM@
#
uc
&()*
! &9#"1=!???
+,-./
! ,???
+01*
! #$$# 69!"""%$#%##$ 6$$$8 6$9
JK#)9,6,&()F>)#L1/4#/,7()MF98
dEG:G/YCG>
#
?iEC )NSG
#
?H@G>Kc/>KYE
%
#1F"2"%(6B 1".)("*?(&%. >("2)(#! +)%)">("2)(#Q/7,.,2)(%),.?+)%)"!"#$%&(%)(#*I(""R"."),62%./ <(""/,.8?F"2"%(6B S.2),);)"
*>("2)(#! 1Q>?<",=,.8 #$$$7## %1S.2),);)"*R"8(%AB,6%-+6,".6"%./ T%);(%-F"2;(6"2F"2"%(6B !1Q+?<",=,.8 #$$#$#(
3&-#1&" ?(> 4@EOMGMLN! 4@L>/NAG0EJLT TESLNL>3LPLKL4G4E/> E>TLF*;.(( RGO3G03C0G4LT VGOLT /> 4@L+` OG4L0E4L
EAGKLTG4G4GZL> E> dC>L! #77= G>T dC>L! %$$7! G>T RGOE> 4CN> COLT 4/LO4EAG4LPLKL4G4E/> 3/PLNGKLE> DEjG> 3E4Q5+@L
PLKL4G4E/> 3@G>KLRGOYCG>4E4G4EPL0QGOOLOOLT RE4@ 4@L*;.(R@L> 4@LPLKL4G4E/> 3/PLNGKLRGOA/NL4@G> $1#5+@LNLOC04
O@/RLT 4@G44@LPLKL4G4E/> OE4CG4E/> RGOEAMN/PLT5(> #77=! 4@LGPLNGKLPG0CL/S*;.(RGO$1%=% %! VC4E> %$$7! 4@L
PG0CLNLG3@LT $1<"" %5+@L@EK@LO4*;.(RGOE> A/C>4GE> GNLGG>T 4@LL3/4/>LNLKE/> VL4RLL> 4@LA/C>4GE> G>T 4@L
M0GE>! R@E0L4@L0/RLO4*;.(RGOE> M0GE> NLKE/> VL3GCOL4@L3N/MORLNLUCO4@GNPLO4LT VQ4@L>5WN/A#77= 4/%$$7! 4@L
GNLGRE4@ LF4NLAL0/R! 0/RG>T @EK@ PLKL4G4E/> 3/PLNGKLNLTC3LT VQ#1$=! %%1%= G>T #1"# MLN3L>4GKL! NLOML34EPL0Q! G>T 4@L
GNLGRE4@ 4@LALTECAG>T LF4NLAL@EK@ 3/PLNGKLE>3NLGOLT VQ#%18" G>T #%1!< MLN3L>4GKL5+@LTESLNL>3LPG0CLE>TLF/S
*;.(E>TE3G4LT 4@G44@LA/TLNG4LG>T LF4NG/NTE>GNQGAL0E/NG4E/> GNLGRLNL/33CMELT "81"#h /S4/4G0GNLG5+@LTLKNGTLT
GNLG/>0Q/33CMELT =1="h! G>T AGE>0QTEO4NEVC4LT E> 4@LDE.G> TEO4NE34O! 4@L@EK@LO4MLGZ E> G+GEVGEA/C>4GE> NG>KLG>T
4@L>/N4@LN> MGN4/SL3/4/>LGNLGVL4RLL> H@/CJ@E/C>4QG>T cCFEG> /C>4Q5+@LGAL0E/NG4E/> GNLGRGOAGE>0QTEO4NEVC4LT
E> 4@LL3/4/>LGNLGGA/>KiE>0E>K` /C>4GE> G>T \CG>J@/>KM0GE>! cLE@LNEPLNPG0LQ! -EO@G> A/C>4GE> G>T 4@LM0GE> MGN4/S
H@/CJ@E/C>4Q5+@LTNEPE>KS/N3LO/S4@LPLKL4G4E/> 3@G>KLR/C0T E>30CTL4@LEAM0LAL>4G4E/> /S>G4CNG0S/NLO4MN/4L34E/>
G>T KNGE> S/NKNLL> E> 4@LA/C>4GE>! /N3@GNT TLPL0/MAL>4! >LRPE0GKL3/>O4NC34E/>! GORL0GO4@LKNLL>E>KE> 4@L3E4Q5
=,> ?(-7/" ?*;.(# PLKL4G4E/> 3/PLNGKL# *;.(TESLNL>3LPG0CLE>TLF# DEjG>
??
LM¯XY?Z¤v°TöQp
!
LMTý
þ¹·æs¯y{XY×ØoæsTv°
<8Å
! %$$<#
¡¡Å
! %$$"($
DEt
=sLM±
*;.( >/NAG0EJLT TESLNL>3LPLKL4G4E/>
E>TLF(
NLMTXËe·XËtì¢w
!
ô
F8Ï£8LMT¤¥S
!
¯±GLM¦¶·
LMX.+T§F±
!
¨©aLM¦¶DE
-ª«Å
! #77"#
r¬(Å
! %$$"#
®øÅ
!
?!
#$
# ¯°ÏÅ
"
/at=sLM±Tuc{WLMæs
%$$"($
ó$ã
!*;.(
M¨©aLMXË
P
&
)
j8|}~J~
)
LMX.+hð
)
±²
ðI
r¬(Å
! %$$"()
y{j8Å*~
³
V´
! %$$7()
qrs²ð
صÅ
! %$#$(
·y{X
Y×Øogh
¶uÅ
! %$##(
ÅDEò
$
y{
s¯2å×ØæsT¤iµ¶EF
!
y{8Tæ
s®û·RBU¸¥=j8ø~J
,>4N/M
")%-U! %$$$($
y{sTi5[
!
¹º9W_5[
\ãB¦+
!
÷>»ºXY×Ø\ãBå;¼ÀT
½+
$
=©
!
y{5[i¾½BXY8
!
ôi
CKLTy{XY×Ø¿À,jÁv
#
G=©
!
ÍÎ_5[F¢ÂX¦:TL®
!
y
{ÃÂÄN×ØoL«BÅ®T°ÒF#Æ
$
u
c¯næup89¨À9WÇ%Tiy{
!
»¯y
{s5[¤È®T89Î=
!%$#$
$Ty{s:
!91"8h!
Ó
#$
$åT
!#1=!h
L®B
81<%h$
ADEø
#77=
$
8
%·
%$$7
$
8
%T
+`
ÈÉ
$x
!
©ªuc{
#77=
$
8
%·
%$$7
$
8
%
Tt=sLM±
!
ô±/G
!
²RLM}i
a
$1#
Tt=sLM±
*;.((
T@±~
!
sIuc{
#77=-%$$7
$TLM
P
!
É@u
c{WLMTýþæsÊw
!
IæsE
!
Na
ËÌ2åTXYé
)
)ͬXYA!òTvw
9WôÇ()ÿ8±úͬTXY×ØA!¨À
v°Ç%
$
#?
DE9OP
uc{paÎuÏïòòp
#$9b!$k-
#$7b!7k)! <Ï{j8
#1$#$"
ZA
%
$
ÏØÀd8
)
)
ÐÑÒÓ·Ô
jÕ
!
/8P()
!
òÖ×d8ØÏ{
T
!"17h!
9
<=1
71$h!
ÔjÕ9
81"h$
ØçÀÙ
)
Ú
)
Û
)
Ü
)
Ý
)
Þ
)
ᧁ
=!
ñiÇÉ
$
CDYZ[\i
`ü]"±]^_abCD
!
ka
!
$C[
#<1< e!
$½:
8$!1% AA!
$nN^
9#h [9
%$9
ª
$
LM¹F8Q
ï?áâ
!
c°Tª«LM¹¨ÌpTÖ×
d8
!
,- &
)
¦ &
)
¦&
)
®dã
ä·®dåæÅc°~J
#
ïò89ô¢£L
Mc
!
,-oܶ
)
çè
)
_&
)
é&·
~y{ê8LM
$
éë
7
9
!
!
À
9"
/ìí
!
7"
/îïðñÄ
!< $8<
/ò
$ %$#$
$$óÏ
{¢ô
9"%19<
¢
!
ò{9¢ô
=8%1=8
$
%?
DE©í
ì
<$ A
mûT
-G>TOG4+`
ÈÉ$x
!
õïö
#%9]<8
·
#%9]<9$
aÈÉ$
xªCæsT$%ñi
!
°÷>þnø
)
Äùf
úT$xtìûÚ
$
üòæ()mvwÈÉ8
ýTñþ
!
<À
#77=
$
8
%
"
,
·
%$$7
$
8
%
#!
,T
-G>TOG4+`
ÈÉ$xÿÿÏ
{WDE°Ò
$
ä>þ!F¯ïò"*¬>
þ
!
E±ôÀÁ#²o-LMT$%
$
¨ø
)a;,& %$##
N$x~B$¸%&
)
áâ%
&·iC%&¬
!
ø!
<
·!
!
(!
!
§
[nïTDE£Ü
$
*;.(
M*%ó)è(!·>m)m(!
@η
%
/(!@ηTÓ@
$
Na
-G>TOG4= +`
¿=
!
©ªýÞ
*;.(g<
!
6
<
<
(M<
!
l<
<
(! <
<
·
<
!
+`
!
<
·
+`
!
!
(!Tm*Ïâû@
$ *;.(
T@M+*¨
+ 6#!
#,
HËç
!
tLM9,r
)
:>ÅT
*;.(
@ã5
-@
!
=01@§a
$1#
>LMÝ.
$
*;.(
/«ôW8Ï£9WTLMæs
P
!
0¨XYgéÅ©1«¯=/þòæ
$
²ìLM|}¯¤WòT
)
»2a9WÎþ
NÓTLME0
$
LM|}
*
3
T©ª¯/
a
*;.(
T
!
¨
,N3\(&
ù3ýþ©ªef
!
N
#77=
·
%$$7
%
$T
*;.(
º~3ª
$
©
ªýÞ
"
*
3
G
*;.(6*;.(
O/E0
*;.(
PLK
6*;.(
O/E0
$
Þò
" *;.(
*;.(
ºH
xþ@
#
*;.(
PLK
·
*;.(
O/E0
DE9W4LM|}·Ï
9Wx)T
*;.(
@
$
0¨xþDEò
!
ìì
DE9W
*;.(
T¤i·¤ã@ãÁ
*;.(
PLK
·
*;.(
O/E0
@
S5Å
! %$$#($
uDE
!
LM|
}
=
~
r)Å
! %$$7 ("
ã
*
3
m
$1%()
ã
$1%
"
*
3
m$1! ()
ò
$1!
"
*
3
m$18 ()
®
$18
"
*
3
m$1"(
·®
*
3
#
$1"($
#77=
$3
%$$7
$uc{
*;.(
Tæsì
%
#
*;.(
T@±
Ø67Å
! %$$=("
"
*;.(g
*;.(
%$$7
6*;.(
#77=
!*;.(
%$$7
·
*;.(
#77=
%$$7
$·
#77=
$uc{
*;.(
ºHT
x
þ@
!
"
*;.(
TÁ@HË
+ 6%!%,$
ÀïDE±
«
S5Å
! %$$##
í8AÅ
! %$$7(!
9
*;.(
@i
a
$1#
>
!
Tx):¯LMx)
!
;
%$$7
·
*;.(
#77=
ä$
*;.(
@ia
$1#
9
& ( )
!"
"
?
T9W
$
LM
*;.(
@±T~
"
Áv
s
"
*;.(
"
6$1#=()
òs
6$1#= m
"
*;.(
"
6$1$=()
=>s
6$1$= m
"
*;.(
"
$()
=>
$ m
"
*;.(
"
$1$= ()
ò
$1$= m
"
*;.(
"
$1#=(
·
"
*;.(n$1#=($
C?O@;auc{C?qLMTuc{
#7"$-%$##
A$%TC[F½:
!
B&
)
C
do&·H&;auc{
%$$#-%$##
$&Z©$R
!
y{êsF&5[;a
#77#-%$##
$Tuc{A$Z©$D
$
u
/
uc{80
·
/
Îu£«8
0
Ånï
é@
!
18P·LMTVW¹
!
EF
<=$ [!=$ A
9W
!
EF
!=$ [9$$ A
9Wåd
;!
EF
9$$ A
ôH9Wd9
º
#($
º
#?
uc{8e9º
WEK1#?aLKE/>G0EJG4E/> /S4/M/KNGM@QE> DEjG>
FI
NO@A
GHIJKL
uvw
!
ø
+`
$xT!
<
·!
!
(
!öÿ;Ï{Tuc{
*;.(
±XG
!
uc
{LMÀôùÊw
" #(
LM±®T9WGip
¯d8Fåd;!
9E
8
%H6*R
¿8
QLM±¤ãT9W
# %( %$$7
F
#77=
$nÓ
!
æs¤iT9Wc°Iò¨b9·
-¢Tdd9
)
í3TÇHirÉ9
W
)
-TJKÇ=# <( %$$7
$F
#77=
$n
Ó
!
Ï{
*;.(
T@¾
$1%=% %
L®øB
$1<"" %!
E±
!
Ï{WTLM
PXÀ;
$
NOGA
GHMNOPQR
u
*;.(
;LTÏ{WLM|}P>
#$
¾
#
ôM«
!
ã|}
)
ã|}·®|
}LMTÀ;
!
;Ï{j8
TÓ¾
#77=
$ø
%$$7
$½ãB
#1$=h
·
%%1%=h
·
#1"#h#
¿ò|}·®|}LM
Tj8NÕÖB
#%18"h
·
#%1!
>
!
uc{
%$$7
$O>LM
PFa
#77=
$
$
¾
#
HôM«
!
¾
#77=
$ø
%$$7
$
!
d9
LM|}ãa
"$h
Tj8¨
!
òô®
|}Å~Tj8¤T
!
ÄøB
87 #7#1%
@A
%
!
ÓT¯ã|}·ò|}T
<
P
!
ôã|}¤§
! #!
$þB
!<1" @A
%
!
0®|}Å~QÕÖB
#%# =8818
@A
%
$
=©1d9XYo¨ÓÔLR
!
ª
«&k^
)
H&
)
£«k^9·K&ýSA!Å
£SÁ÷BiTQÁ
#
÷>»1
!
d9K&o
LRT·+Hi
!
0aÃ8TÁTü
!
¨
K&ÕÖ©Ý_UÀT·+Ã
$
¿
åd;\ò|}
)
®|}·®|}Å~
VéBÕÖçe
$
aä9W¯uc{d9
"
?!
#$
# ¯°ÏÅ
"
/at=sLM±Tuc{WLMæs
8Tc°¹9
!
=æs¹¯H&QT
WòÏ£
!
÷>»¯uc{i+5[×d_)
U
Ooò.@TW«QÁ
$
9ôo-c
!
ÈÉ$xRØT
8
%H&@§"*R
!
E±É
@=8\TLM}NaXYA!¿=UÀßi
TxþÇ%
$
0¾9T
8$h
ôHT®|}
·®|}LMTÕÖH
!
1«ôM«o
-&X·yíêsÅTA!QÁ
$
®|}
LM¾
#77=
$T=YýiÕÖø
%$$7
$T
%$1# @A
%
!
,¯¤FTë
$
2
@A
STUV6W
@PPQ
X
GRRP
YGHNOZ[QR
;#
LM|}Å~
0GOOLO/SPLKL4G4E/> 3/PLNGKL
Ï{
+/4G0
d9
/`C>4GE>
åd;)3/4/>LVL4RLL>
A/C>4GE> G>T M0GE>
9
0^GE>
#77= %$$7 #77= %$$7 #77= %$$7 #77= %$$7
ã
&LNPL0/R*
3
m$1%(
## %%=1"" 9=#1$= !=1< #1! # #=<19 "=1" #$ $#71= 8="1=
ã
-/R$1%
"
*
3
m$1!(
!!= %%$18! %%< 77!19 <% %9#1" % 7="1" #!< #8%17 == =!#19 %87 9%81# #8= !ò
L`TECA$1!
"
*
3
m$18(
#$= 9%$19= %<# "$#188 =! #=<1< <# #®
cEK@$18
"
*
3
m$1"(
#9$ <<71<# #=% ®
&LNPL@EK@*
3
#
$1"(
%8# "%71<= <"= !!819" %8# ="$1= <"< #!91# <"1" # 77%18 $1$ %$1#
NONA
GHQRP\]^_
uc{
*;.(
@±I
!
XY
sT9Wc°¹¨uc{9
)
Fí3
¢99T7p9W·d9ßidc=!
¿
XYT9Wc°¹¨d9Fïò9
T)
í3TÇÇ
)
8b9F-
Tdd9·í3T9
$
¾
%
ôM«
!
¾
#77=
ø
%$$7
$
!
?¯Ï
{H¯Ó÷T8e9ò
!
ôò·
T¤T
!%
ÿ©øBÏ{ÀLM|
}j8T
"81"#h#
¨d9
)
åd;\·
9ò·Tÿ©8e
9T
"71$"h!981=8h
·
=!1<$h$
¿Ï{W
LMsTj8Ï{ÀLM|}j8
T
=1=9h!
Ó÷9WT¹P
!
9¤i
!
Ä
%=1#!h!
åd;\}Î
!
#%18%h!
d9¤§
!1#8h$
?¯Ï{FH¯8e9
!
é
Ávs
m
vs
m
=>s
$
2
GA
ST6W
@PPQ$GRRP
Y
MF98
`a(bcd
;#
0GOOLO
Ï{
+/4G0
d9
/`C>4GE>
åd;)3/4/>LVL4RLL>
A/C>4GE> G>T M0GE>
9
0^GE>
,NLG]@A
%
Ó
aG4E/h(
,NLG]@A
%
Ó
aG4E/h(
,NLG]@A
%
Ó
aG4E/h(
,NLG]@A
%
Ó
aG4E/h(
Ávs
&LNPLTLKNGTLT % 8$9 $1!" % <$=1"7 $1!9 #8<1"$ $1=! #<91!< $1=9
vs
.LNQTLKNGTLT #$ %77 #17$ 8 "$=17" #1!$ # <8$19# !1!8 % #%=17" "198
=>s
&0EK@4TLKNGTLT #9 %97 <1#7 ## #$%189 %1%7 % <%<18% 918% < "<"1!# #=1"#
=>
&0EK@4EAMN/PLT !# #88 918# <% "<$1%7 8198 < <$#1<" #$1"% ! 77%1"! %$1=9
ò
L`TECAEAMN/PLT %8" 8=9 !7188 %=! !#!1"" =%1<" 9 $%#1%8 %<1$% 9 $$91<# %"1"9
&LNPLEAMN/PLT %$$ 7??
¾uc{T9WHËãM
<( !
LM
s¤iT¯í3
!
sLM©Ä
øB
#$ <%81% @A
%
!
í39T
!1!h!
Ï{sLMT
}
-·Ëc9
!
Ï{sLMT
%91!!h
·
#919!h!
-·Ëc9
9T
817h
·
81=h$
¾sLM9
T:ûãM
!
¾iø§1}®Ñ
)
Z§9
·u c { { 9
!
Ó Ä ø B
<=18h!
%81
#=1!h$
/«uc{9LMsT
øBÏ{LMsT
<1"
»<À
# #=!1! @A
%
!
0E8p[Ê
)
9pv
°
!
1«XG«uc{9Ö\XYA!T]Àü
$
¿Na®ÑFZ§9¿=
!
a9Ïp
païò
!
ØçUÀd8
!
;ôª«&vO;
tì^_
!
XY=©1`o-LM
!
G=©
c°1`¢£LMA!
$
E±®Ñ
)
Z§9
·uc{{9ä¯Í¬ucXY×ØA!Tv
wïa89
$
¾
<
HôM«
!
Ó÷9WTLM
ôòc
!
}Î
!
=
¤§
®ÑFZ§9²è
($
>HLM
PH
7
& ( )
!"
"
?
¯bΩc¾æT
!
²B®Ñ·Z§9LM
Ó9LMT:û
8!1!h
·
9<19h
Îè
!
¥9TÓ¨
"=h
ôH
!
ôí3
)
)
Ëc9·-TLM
P¤F
!
LM9LM
TÓ Ä ø B
7=18h! 791
7<1#h$
uc{9TÓ»ÄøB
"!18#h!
/1
äÏ{WLMT
#1%!h!
0¾ò»ôM«uc{{9¨XYA!©;L
«Tdie+
$
2
NA
STef6
@PPQ
g
GRRP
Y
MF98
`a(bcd
;#
;EO4NE34
12
(4LA
Ávs
&LNPL
TLKNGTLT
vs
.LNQ
TLKNGTLT
=>s
&0EK@4
TLKNGTLT
sÿ©
+/4G0
TLKNGTLT
=>
&0EK@4
EAMN/PLT
ò
L`TECA
EAMN/PLT
&LNPL
EAMN/PLT
ÿ©
+/4G0
EAMN/PLT
í3
H@/CJ@E
,NLG]@A
%
"Ó
aG4E/h( $1! #1= %1= !1! 81# ==18 <<17 7=18
cCFEG>
,NLG]@A
%
#=71" 8"%1< # %!"1< % $7$1! < 7<817 !9 8<%1< %% 9%!18 9! %7<19
Ó
aG4E/h( $1% $17 #18 %19 =1% 8%1! %71" 791<
Ëc9
@G>KjG>
,NLG]@A
%
=#<18 # 89!17 < #8<1= = <=%1$ " "#<17 !# 7%71" %8 8$"1" 99 <=%1=
Ó
aG4E/h( $18 %1$ <1" 81= #$19 =$19 <%1% 7<1=
uc{9
DEjG> TEO4NE34
,NLG]@A
%
<"1" <7%1$ 9%<19 # #=!1! # $!717 % $=#1$ < %!!1$ 8 Ó
aG4E/h( $1= =1% 719 #=1! #!1$ %91< !<1< "!18
b9
-E>4/>K
,NLG]@A
%
=!1= 87"17 # =!=1$ % %7"1< % !%#1% ! 79"1% " "%%1< #8 %%#19
Ó
aG4E/h( $1< <1" "1< #%1! #<1# %817 !918 "918
-
-G>4EG>
,NLG]@A
%
# $$#1! < $$"17 ! %8918 " %9917 #$ #<71= !# !%91! =7 7!$1# ### =$817
Ó
aG4E/h( $1" %1= <18 817 "1= ®Ñ
\G/0E>K
,NLG]@A
%
<1" #7!1$ !$%1" 8$$18 !"$19 !8!1< #!%1! #$"91!
Ó
aG4E/h( $1% ##1= %<17 <=18 %"1= %91= "1! 8!1!
Z§9
BG>0EG>K
,NLG]@A
%
$1$ %$1< =#19 9#17 9%1! 7%1< <817 %$#18
Ó
aG4E/h( $1$ 91! #"17 %81< %81= <<1" #<1= 9<19
NOSA
GHQRhi
º
%?
uc
#7"$-%$#$
$$C[·$½:æs
WEK1%?@G>KL/SG>>CG0GPLNGKL4LAMLNG4CNLG>T G>>CG0
MNL3EME4G4E/> E> DEjG> SN/A#7"$ 4/%$#$
<1!1#?
()
?
uc{
#7"$-%$#$
$
<#
$TC[
·½:æs>º
%$
¾º
%
>
!<#
$ã
!
uc{T
CDæs/AHYaZ"~J
!
,$½:Véf
çe
!
¿C[NVé«gTR®æsçe
$
¾
£«YüãM
!
æstìÓøa£«LMT§
F5o·{h
$
¾Ó÷aÆTC[·½:æsãM
º
<(!
7
)
6
)
8
)
2kaò
!
C[R®Tæsçe
MtìX
!
0½:é²7
)
8iaVé½ãç
eè
!
2
)
6
%
aMVé«BR®Tçe
$
auc
89$½:T
!<1<9h
Iò¨6a
¤ã
<71#
8"18"h(!
ucÄYaabCD
9
!
ïj÷#TÊw¯X¶§FXË5oT/A
kë
$
E±¾ËT>þkÆãM
!
¨C[R®Tæ
sçeÎù
!
26ia½:R®
!
¤iS8Zl
B9WLMTXY:ÑÒ
!
9WLMT5om
*B§FT/G
$
<1!1%?
*+,-./
?
¾åTLMvwI
M
!
uc{Ï{
#77=-%$$7
$TLMæsô
c
$
uc{¤c°TXY£Sª«&k^£
S
)
H&£S·xZTqdq8B&ês£S
!
£STxn8wIò¨ucÌpTÖ×d9
$
ª«&k^£S§oa
#777
$
!
c°Tk^p!
Cdo&
$
¾º
!
ôM«
!%$$#
$>Cdo&
#1##
@A
%
!
øB
%$#$
$
!
q©Cdo&Ä
øB
%<1%"
@A
%
!
ÓT¯
%$$#
$T
%#
P
$ %$$#
$xnH&£S
< 879 @A
%
!
ø
%$#$
$Ý_
q©xn
#" "8" @A
%
!#$
$rB
=
P
$
ü$q
dq8B&
#1%88
@A
%
! #$
$q©B&
#%19
$#
?!
#$
# ¯°ÏÅ
"
/at=sLM±Tuc{WLMæs
????
º
uc{
#7"$-%$#$
$ka½:FC[
WEK1&LGO/>G0MNL3EME4G4E/> G>T 4LAMLNG4CNLE> DEjG> SN/A#7"$ 4/%$#$
º
!?
uc{XY£Sq©xn
WEK1!?,33CAC0G4LT GNLG/SL3/0/KE3G0MN/UL34O
@A
%
$
<1!1
0123+45
?
¾º
=
ôM«
!#77$-
%$#$
$T
%$
$þ
!
uc{S&ê8Vé«
BXTs$ÕÖçe
! %$$=-%$#$
$þÕt
¤i
$
<1!1!?
67+89:9;<=>
?
¾åTI
ôM«
!
²Bd9LM
PÎè
!
o9T
º
=?
uc{
#77$-%$#$
$S&ê8æs
WEK1=?;Q>GAE3/S4/4G0GNLG/SMGNZO! KGNTL>OG>T KNLL>
E> DEjG> SN/A#77# 4/%$#$
LMXY
P»5XBiTæs
$
Fuc{¨
¨iT89u¬xnT_&A!·
%
6s=
Y&
&
òvês£SâÀnï
$
¾º
8
ôM«
!
#77#-%$#$
$þ
!
uc{T5[tìÈ®
$
#77#
$>
!
Ï{ÀS
#1$7
@A
%
! #77=
$
$wÏ{SÕÖøB
!1=8
@A
%
!%$$7
$T
##
& ( )
!"
"
?
º
8?
uc{
#77#-%$#$
$Sæs
WEK18?@G>KL/S/N3@GNT GNLGE> DEjG> SN/A#77# 4/%$#$
S
!19!
@A
%
!%$#$
$SÕÖøB
=
@A
%
$
!?
?F@?
%$$7
$F
#77=
$nÓ
!
Ï{
*;.(
T@¾
$1%=% %
L®øB
$1<"" %!
E±
!
Ï{WTLMXË
PX
$
LM±¤®T9WGip8Ä
d9Fåd;\9W
!
9Eo5[
!
ÖÎ
$xxyT
8
%H6*R¿8
!
E±¯L
M±¤ãT9W
#
æs¤iT9Wc°Iò¨b
9·-¢Tdd9
)
í3TÇHi
rÉ9WFí3ØçT9
)
-TJKÇ
=$
¾LM|}ãM
!
ã|}
)
ã|}·®
|}LMTÀ;
!
;Ï{j8
TÓ¾
#77=
$ø
%$$7
$½ãB
#1$=h!
%%1%=h
·
#1"#h#
¿ò|}·®|}LM
NÕÖB
#%18"h
·
#%1!
c{O>LM
P¨
$
åd;\TæsFd
9æsnz
!
»¯bÎLM}L®
)
LMo
T©cæs
#
9T
8$h
ôHT®|}·®
|}LMȬͅ
$
¾uc{ia
$1#
TLM@±M
!
Ï
{·Ó÷T8e9ôò·
??
c
!
4ÿ©øBÏ{
*;.(
ia
$1#
Tj8
T
"81"#h$
¿Ï{WLMsTj8
nT
=1="h$
XYsT9Wc°Iò¨
uc{{9HË
)
Fí3¢99T7
p9W·ßidc=$
¾LM
PæsTµ¶+ãM
!
/«¨ÏÐæ
sTi{ù
!
6aT½:ÕÖçeÀ=*T&c
Ü
!
0H¯ô¢EFc
!
òd9Tª«&k
^£S
)
H&£SNd9LMo
PT
ܤi
#
¿o9T&5[
)
Õoòês
·y9ês£S
!
NaLM|}TL®Fo
ßøBv°Ü
$
E F + ,
S
?
5
!
Sú|
5%$$#5
/aj8|}~TLM|}ûhªx)
bJF
5
vw)R
!=8( " !#8 6!%%5
¶u
!
®\!
®
?
}
!
Å
! %$##5
HEó3$ãy{sÇXY
×ØæsTghDE
5
æjO;vw
!%( " #%! 6#%75
r
?
)
!
rä!
~
?
ú
!
Å
!%$$75
®y{s{ùHELM
|}qI
5
Hi))R
"
£«()]
!
8( " "7 6#$$5
r¬(
!
?
5%$$"5
Îu
2`;(&]*;.(
T9W¹·aÆæs
5
òæ,r
!%"#( " #$" 6##%5
Ø
?
µ
!
r
?
l
!
³
?
!
Å
! %$#$5
T;
*;.(
¨ÇÉWqr
s²ðòT
5
"±89oDE
!<( " %$9 6%#<5
Ø67
!
\
!
HÌ
5%$$=5
d789LM|}¶Y>ý
I
5
O;()
!%9!( " #8" 6#9!5
¡¡
!
¾
!
7
5%$$"5
/a
+`
$xT {8LMæ
sI
5
:jklDE
!#=<( " #7! 6#785
-ª«
!
5#77"5
LM±DE~[
5
8Ð()~[
!#<%9 6<<<5
®ø
!
?
!
®!
Å
! %$$"5
ó
%=
$duLM±>ýæs
ÊI
5
XY×Ø
!#98( " %<<$ 6%<<=5
<8
!
SA
5%$$<5
{LMæsTvw¶YI
5
8Ð
()
!%( " #$= 6#$"5
³V´
5%$$75
/avwITy{j8*~BCDE
---
ô
{
5
æjO;vw
!!( " "% 6"=5
í8A
!
y
!
!
Å
! %$$75
¢~¦¶NLMs
]
¡R$%
Týþq
---
ôÎuÏ
5
XY)R
!%7 7 ( " !"!9
6!"=85
,>4N/M `5%$$$5@G>KE>KMG4LN>OE> 4@LCNVG>EJLT 3/C>4NQOETL/S
fLO4LN> )CN/ML5-G>TO3)3/0! #=" %=9 6%9$5
!
!"#$
?
%&
"
%#