利用MSS，TM和ETM+三期遥感影像，以景观生态学理论为指导，以地理信息系统为技术手段，结合地形图、植被图和外业调查资料，选取斑块数、平均斑块面积、平均斑块形状指数、平均斑块分维数、多样性指数和均匀度指数，定量分析新疆额尔齐斯河流域北屯段1972—2000年的景观格局及动态变化。结果表明： 荒漠植被一直是额尔齐斯河流域北屯段的景观基质； 28年间，耕地面积增加了9.62％，荒漠面积减少了11.75％，居民地面积增加了0.15％，河漫滩林地和湿地类型面积分别减少了0.44％和1.06％； 景观格局分析表明，整个额尔齐斯河流域北屯段斑块数增加了，平均斑块面积减少了，与1972年额尔齐斯河流域北屯段景观相比，2000年额尔齐斯河流域北屯段景观变得零散、破碎。平均斑块形状指数和平均斑块分维数的增加，揭示了额尔齐斯河流域北屯段景观斑块形状呈复杂化趋势； 景观多样性指数和均匀度指数的增加，表明额尔齐斯河流域北屯段景观类型异质性程度减弱，各景观类型分布趋于均匀化； 从不同时期各类型转移概率矩阵看，河漫滩林地是28年间保持率最低的景观类型，主要转化方向是草地，其次是耕地，转化的主要原因是人口增长、牲畜数目增加、林牧政策及引水截流等。
The landscape pattern and dynamics in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin in Xinjiang from 1972 to 2000 were analyzed by using RS and GIS in integrating with the landform maps, vegetation maps and field investigations, based on the theory of landscape ecology. The remote sensing image data included MSS, TM, and ETM+. Quantitative indices of landscape pattern, including patch numbers, mean patch size, mean patch shape index, mean patch fractal dimension, Shannon diversity index, and Shannon evenness index, were chosen to analyze the landscape pattern changes. The results showed that desert was the matrix of the landscape inBeitun of Irtysh River Basin in the 28 years. During the period, the farmland area percent increased 9.62%, the desert area decreased 11.75%, the residence area increased 0.15%, the riparian forest area decreased 0.44%, and the wetland area decreased 1.06%. The landscape pattern analysis results showed, in the 28 years the patch number increased and the mean patch size decreased, which indicated that landscape in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin in 2000 was more fragmentized than the landscape in 1972. Up to 2000, the landscape in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin had many small patches. Both the mean patch shape index and mean patch fractal dimension index had a rise trend from 1972 to 2000, which showed that landscape patch shape was becoming more complex in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin. The Shannon diversity index behaved a rise trend from 1972 to 2000, which explained that the landscape heterogeneity decreased among the landscape types in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin. The Shannon evenness indexhad a similar trend, which showed that landscape types in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin distributed more evenly. Analysis of the transition matrix of landscape types in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin from 1972 to 2000 indicated that riparian forests were the most unstable type, and the main transition direction was grassland, secondly was farmland. The reason for riparian forest transferred to grassland and farmland would probably be due to the increased population and livestock numbers, the policy contradiction between graze and forestry management, extracting and intercepting water and so on.
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