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Correlation between the Leaf Color and Pigments Composition of Cotinus coggygria in Fragrant Hills Park and Their Temporal and Spatial Variation

香山黄栌叶色和色素组成的相互关系及时空变化


以北京香山不同海拔处生长的黄栌为材料,分析叶色(明度L*值、色相a*值和b*值、彩度C*值)与叶片色素组成(花青素苷、黄酮醇苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素)的关系。结果表明: 色相a*值与叶绿素含量成负相关,与花青素苷含量成正相关,即叶色变化过程中,叶绿素含量的下降,花青素苷含量的增加是黄栌叶片绿色褪去、红色显现的主要原因; 黄酮醇苷含量有上升的趋势,影响叶片的明度L*值和色相b*值; 类胡萝卜素含量比较稳定,与叶色变化无显著相关性。2007年秋季调查香山从195~564 m范围内不同海拔高度处黄栌叶色和色素组成的时空变化规律。时间尺度上,高海拔564 m和中海拔466,315 m处的变色规律基本一致,以564 m处样地为例,从10月12日起黄栌叶片的边缘或沿叶脉处已开始变红,至10月24日色相a*值达最大值,呈现出最佳观赏效果,随后色相a*值逐渐下降; 低海拔195 m在10月4日—11月9日间,色相a*值呈现一直上升的趋势。空间尺度上,高海拔564 m处的黄栌变色较早,叶片变红后,落叶加快,适合前期(10月20日至10月28日)观赏。 中海拔466和315 m处黄栌与高海拔564 m处变色期一致,但红叶期持续时间久,观赏期长(10月24日至11月5日); 低海拔195 m处黄栌最晚变色,落叶期也晚,适合后期观赏(11月1日以后)。

The leaves of Cotinus coggygria in Fragrant Hills Park at different altitudes were taken as the materials. The correlation between the leaf color and pigments composition of C. coggygria was analyzed. The results showed that the value of leaf color chroma a* was negatively with the contents of chlorophylls and positively with anthocyanins, respectively. The descending chlorophylls and ascending anthocyanins contents were the main factors responsible for the leaf color reddening. The content of flavonols was in an upward trend, affecting the values of lightness L* and chroma b*, while the content of carotenoids kept stable, and was no significant correlated with the values of leaf color parameters. Based on the investigation in fall of 2007, temporal and spatial variation of the leaf color at different altitudes from Fragrant Hills Park was obtained. In time domain, the variation of the leaf color chroma a* at high altitude area (564 m) and middle altitudes areas (466 m and 315 m) showed the same trend, take high altitude area (564 m) as an example, the values of leaf color chroma a* ascended steeply from October 12 and reached the peak on October 24, and then descended slowly. The values of leaf color chroma a* at low altitude area (195 m) ascended continuously from October 4 to November 9. In space domain, the values of leaf color chroma a* at high altitude area (564 m) increased quickly, and decreased fast, it can be seen that the leaves of C. coggygria in this area changed color earlier, but defoliated quickly, so this area was suitable for appreciating in the early time (from October 20 to October 28). While the leaves of C. coggygria at middle altitudes areas (466 m and 315 m) changed leaf color together with those at high altitude area, but had longer duration of coloring to appreciating (from October 24 to November 5). The leaves of C. coggygria at low altitude area (195 m) changed color at latest, and defoliated slowly, so this area was suitable for appreciating in the late time (after November 1).


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