以木炭和黏土为原料,采用物理法制备炭陶复合吸附材料,讨论温度和保温时间对其吸附性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和全自动比表面积及孔径分析仪对其微观结构和孔径分布进行表征,提出原位活化的思路。结果表明: 热处理过程中,木炭的收缩在木炭和陶土之间形成发达的孔隙; 黏土在烧结之后并没堵塞活性炭的孔隙结构; 块状炭陶的吸附性能比粉状的高; 炭陶在制备过程中受原位活化作用。在较优的工艺条件下,炭陶复合吸附材料的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为127.5和543.6 mg ·g-1。
The preparation of carbon/pottery composite from wood charcoal and clay was made with physical method and the effect of temperature and holding time on the adsorption capability of carbon/pottery composite was discussed in this paper. In addition, microstructure and pore distribution of carbon/pottery composite were characterized by SEM and BET and the idea of in situ activation was proposed.The results show the pore between wood charcoal and pottery developed during heating treatment while the clay did not block the pore structure of wood charcoal. On the other hand, the adsorption capability of lumpish shape was higher than pulverous shape. Furthermore, the activated reaction of carbon/pottery composite could be defined as in situ activation.Therefore, under optimized experimental condition,the adsorption values of methylene blue and iodine of carbon/pottery composite were 127.5 and 543.6 mg ·g-1 respectively.
全 文 :!!"
" !
#$
#
$ % # %
$
#$
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1#$
2345!$ % # %
ôë±»Í"êHØÝryä
"
¼ÅÆ
#
6
Ç
6
È
$
6
^rÉ
$
6
ÊËÌ
$
6
ÍÎ
$
6
ÏÐÑ
$
"#1
]=m&()LMG
6
]ä
<8%%#$& $1
]=B&D)Ýr8)G
6
]ä
<8%%%$#
!
6
"
!6
¾<Î+QÜr
!
XYôë±»Í"êHØÝr
!
PgJgþ9HØ÷=>?
!
XYjK
"&)G#
tÍnÞym5Ï}
[xÜ_ûW=L
$
wxyz
%
zßëE
!
<=ÃDî<Í+Cþ±²«¨=ÏÐ
&
Î+îûwChpfÏnû=Ï
Ðwk
&
:YÍ=HØ÷ÞëY=Û
&
Íî»E(Ü_ûWY
$
î¨=8u3è
!
Í"ê
HØÝr=.ÐÈHØE-HØE
8!<1" OD)D
:#
$
#$%
%6
Í"êÝr
&
Ï}<.
&
Ü_ûW
&
û
&()*
! +t<8#1$& +G$98666
+,-./
!,666
+01*
!#%%# :7!99"$%#%##$ :%#$8 :%8
ÃÄÅ#
% $%%; :%" :$;&
ÆÇÅ#
%$%%; :%9 :$9$
ÈÉÊË
%
FÌÍ¡()ÈÉqÊË
"<%77#"9$#!
]=mÍ¡()ÈÉÐÑqÊË
")%7#%%%$#
FÌ&Õ°æeYÝ&ð
ÒÓ¥²á\q
$
"*ÑQMOP
$
F(#G*(*%)&.*.3M1*(*$%#()R*%)&.&"M*(9&._F&%#(6 M&2G&-)%#
;)%1F16-)$*+T#%1&3
-HC ?@FCM3CD
#
6X@FCD=HF/
$
6B3C \@3J/CD
$
6-HF/kHUHFCD
$
6+FCD-HJ/CD
$
6A3CDtHF/0HCD
$
"#1+2P.6- ):67;0"3+"#($#06+2I%"2 <8%%#$&
$19"5?"3<6$#.65M-?.-#.-?!+2P.6- )?#.:25$2#6-7 +"#($#0,-./#(.$06+2I%"2 <8%%%$#
9-%(*$%%6+B3SJ3SFJFLH/C /M4FJP/CZS/L3JR4/OS/EHL3MJ/OQ//K 4BFJ4/F0FCK 40FRQFEOFK3QHLB SBREH4F0O3LB/K FCK
LB33M34L/ML3OS3JFL@J3FCK B/0KHCDLHO3/C LB3FKE/JSLH/C 4FSFPH0HLR/M4FJP/CZS/L3JR4/OS/EHL3QFEKHE4@EE3K HC LBHE
SFS3J5(C FKKHLH/C! OH4J/ELJ@4L@J3FCK S/J3KHELJHP@LH/C /M4FJP/CZS/L3JR4/OS/EHL3Q3J34BFJF4L3JHV3K PR&)GFCK =)+
FCK LB3HK3F/MHC EHL@ F4LHNFLH/C QFESJ/S/E3K5+B3J3E@0LEEB/QLB3S/J3P3LQ33C Q//K 4BFJ4/F0FCK S/L3JRK3N30/S3K
K@JHCDB3FLHCDLJ3FLO3CLQBH03LB340FRKHK C/LP0/4W LB3S/J3ELJ@4L@J3/MQ//K 4BFJ4/F05pC LB3/LB3JBFCK! LB3
FKE/JSLH/C 4FSFPH0HLR/M0@OSHEB EBFS3QFEBHDB3JLBFC S@0N3J/@EEBFS35f@JLB3JO/J3! LB3F4LHNFL3K J3F4LH/C /M4FJP/CZ
S/L3JR4/OS/EHL34/@0K P3K3MHC3K FEHC EHL@ F4LHNFLH/C5+B3J3M/J3! @CK3J/SLHOHV3K 3TS3JHO3CLF04/CKHLH/C!LB3FKE/JSLH/C
NF0@3E/MO3LBR03C3P0@3FCK H/KHC3/M4FJP/CZS/L3JR4/OS/EHL3Q3J3#$718 FCK 8!<1" OD)D
:#
J3ES34LHN30R5
:#6 ;&(3-%64FJP/CZS/L3JR4/OS/EHL3& S/J3KHELJHP@LH/C& HC EHL@ F4LHNFLH/C& F4LHNFL3K 4FJP/C
66
ûóYFQmn=HØ WÝr
!
¡8
îlYØÙE
!
û(3RÛg
(
Û-×=
Ò=%å
!
pûöî²M¨Û=GH
!
oøO²M
!
[Û÷
!
ì«xÓ
(
Û
=
~/HØÝrï²QËg=LMzÓ
"
â
!
$%%8#$
ÍòÝrîI¾=Û
(
¶g
(
¶z-
÷
"ABFCD$65A!$%%9&
YçH-
!$%%9#!
wêû
Íò=Ó
!
»li×kÝr
Í"
êHØÝr
"
-
Í
.#!
ÃLólÝr<Ò=
°«
$
ÈwêûÍò=Ó=L
!
LMP
stRl8
$ kFL3E
-
"$%%%& $%%<#
LMRY
ÓÔ´Ïû
(
EÏæWòCæWÕ$Î+¾
#v#
=Þ¯ê
!
»Yû
!
Y WF
Öh
$ G/0HCFj&FPH/
-
"$%%!#
ÆÇ3»O;=F
û=RF
!
wê
$
iÝr=Ó»xû
:
»O;´
!
YHØ
*X
<
!X
$
&$
F
LM
P*H/
"$%%8#
XY$¥ûèxQÜr
!
$Î
+
(
;gé|-²²k
!
»æYû
YHØ
&p
$
h
$
©
!
LMPÚÛXY=óÃ
ûɼô$Î+st"ê»Yû
!
^=HØ÷óûM+Nî=
&
8¾
Oû=<QÜr»Í=LM
!
F
¦§
$
& ( )
!"
"
6
MLMXYOû=<Î+QÜr
!
I
×±²ê
!
zßëh
!
<IW
(
ûW±²
û8î^=HØ÷
!
\<5D
!
$ÝR=Í+
"
Î+(z±²
#
Cþ±²ÍÐ
"
QDÏ
#!
sõû
(
Í+³±²R"êHØÝr
E}=DÏ
(
EÏ
(
´Ïm
$
PRgJg
þ9HØ÷=>?
!
p9ÏÐwkstR
yä
!
¾#QÍ"êÝr=»Y±È÷
$
#6
Ýr$°±
<=<>
¾!
##
<=»
%
¾
8 m)OHC
:#
==g=
¼
8%% m!
Jg
# B
»<
!
ëü
(
³
!
µ}
%1#8 _%1%;7 ! OO
<Q©²Ür
$
$#
Î+Ür
%
Ä:+
!
¢Í]=öW
$
<=?>
?@=>
##
ÍØõ=»
%
Ã<
"
/È
#
Î+
"
/
È
#
¾
$v#
=Þ¯#ï
!
êéh
!
;*¼l^
!
I«h~²kÙ3F
!
Ùx²k
$
M/
$! B
h
!
#%8 m
/
$
$#
Íõ=»
%
µl^u=/Øõ
!
¾
8 m)OHC
:#
=g=g¼
8
Ý6\=g
"9%%!98%!;%%!;8%!# %%% m#
pJg
% _9 B!
Í¡
ðLh
!
BQÿ
$
¾
;%% :!
yhWg
;%% m(
Jgþ
! B
=8u
$
<=@>
úÆÇ=>
##
~ua^
%
~uó9úÍE
N~ûu
$
Æûaú<=FÌìq
?=Z+#$!;"1< :#;;;
9sta^
$
Ð7I!Q
%
#
G
;
#
H;
$
H;
<
;
#
H;
<
!
E
%
#yh~u
!;
#
y
hÍu
!;
$
yhÍõÚûhôu
!
;
<
yh\õ8u3è
;
#
Í+ûwCh=
¿u
$
$#
ûæ=a^
%
Íõ=uà¾
õ=~u
!
|¾ØõE=<u
!
BQû
=æ
$
Ð7I!Q
%
æ
G
;
#
Z
#
;
!
Z#
Z#%%a !
E
%;
!
yhÍØõu
!#
yh<îØõE¿
=Þ¯
$
<#
.ÐÈHØE-HØE=a^
%
"
ûa^.ÐÈHØE-HØE=FÌìq
?=Z+#$!;"19 :#;;;!#$!;"1#% :#;;;
9sta
^
$
E
!
Í+=.ÐÈHØE-HØE°e
QÄ
!
©¾_6Ð
$
!#
·uHØE=a^
"
ÍõE
# D
û
=HØE
#%
Í=HØE$~u=ÞE
$
<=D>
ÈÉ]`I
XY×F
GH4J/O3LJH4
I
,&,Y$%#%
ktÍn
Þym5
$
HØ-g¹
&
XY
ÅM
i)p-
I=
i&Gj8<#%-.
kjK9´
`wkst`
$
$6
wx$P
?=<>
qT]lm
î
9%%!98%!;%%!;8%!# %%% m
!
Jg
! B!
»
Í
$
y
#
©Ô
%
~uæþg=
=Û67¿À
!
sóg==Û
!
=ûâV
D
$
þg==Û·u=.ÐÈHØE-
HØE¢==UV
!
=
#<8
78917 OD)D
:#
!
D 3
;8% m
=
$;71%
# $7!1; OD)D
:#
!
¤î
# %%% m
®N
$
s©
÷óguO
!
f¨3ûWN´=û
W÷
!
ûWstæÞ¨µ
!
û=¨D
&
þg==Û
!
¨3N´=ûW÷
!
ûW
stæ¤<
!
û=¨^
&
guÛ
!
û
Wstæ¨3²
!
´ÏÏ-ûâ
!
±²EÏD
Ï
!
fcHØ÷
$
y
#
éÔ
%
Í=.ÐÈHØE-H
ØEg==Û¢q=h=UV
!;%% m
¨3úD
!
8!<1" OD)D
:#
$
s©÷
óÍ=HØ÷û=~u
\Y
!;%% m
¨3N´=ûW÷
!
ûW
stæÞ¨¤<
!
û=¨^
!
Âl°m
!
gð9¨O
!
ûâ¨À
!
~u¨Û
!
kê4P
=>?
!
HØ÷¨^
& ;8% m
·u=HØ
÷p¡Þ
;%% m
=^
!
¤g¨Û
!
ûâ¨
D
!
~u¨À
!
kê4P=>?
!
HØ÷
¨
!
%&
!
Ù
;%% m
Qø
$
?=?>
»qÞß]lm
î
;%% m
!
Jg
%!$!!!8!"!9 B!
»Í
$
y
#
©Ô
%
~uæþJgþ=¿½
67¿À
!
sóJgþ=¿½
!
=ûâV
D
$
·u=.ÐÈHØE-HØEJg
þ=¿½867
!
Jgþ0
$
3
! B
!
·
u.ÐÈHØE·u-HØE«¼RqW=
D
!
7#!1" OD)D
:#
D3
$981%
# $#718 OD)D
:#
!
tzJgþ½
!
=ûWs
tæ¤<
!
^
!
Jgþ¨3
! B
!
û
WstæÞ¨¤<
$
"$#
6!
#$
# &Û-
%
ôë±»Í"êHØÝryä
y
#
éÔ
%
Íõ=.ÐÈHØE
-HØEJgþ=¿½¢q=h=U
V
!! B
¨3úD
!
:#
$
sóJgþ¨
!
p¡~u¨Û
!
¤û
=¨D
&
8Jgþ¨½
!
~u¨
O
!
¤û=¨^
$ ! B
=û=¨
^
!
~uø¨Û
!
kê4P=>?
!
N¾HØ
֬^
!
ÙJgþ
! B
Qø
$
`
<>
ÈÉ]ú8?
A*9B<>A1#G(&G#(%6 &"$*(9&._G&%#(6 G(#G*(#3"(&23)"#(#.%%#$1.&+&86
8u
+34BC/0/DR
~u
FJP/C 4/CL3CL
S3JDJFOZ"D)D
:#
#
.ÐÈHØE
G=Z"OD)D
:#
#
·u.ÐÈ
HØE
bG=Z"OD)D
:#
#
-HØE
(/KHC3Z"OD)D
:#
#
·u-HØE
bH/KHC3Z"OD)D
:#
#
ûæ
kH30KZ`
9%% :! %188< ! 781% #<81% !<818 79817 8#1%9
98% :! %1!8# % #$%1% $"818 8%919 # #$91$ !91<$
;%% :! %1!!" 8 #$718 $981% 8!<1" # $#718 !"18;
;8% :! %1<8! < #%81% $;71% !%;1" # $7!1; <"1!<
# %%% :! %1;%% :% %1"$# 9 <%1% !91% !#$1$ ""$1; "<187
;%% :$ %18$" % 781% #!$18 <781; 7#!1" "$1$;
;%% :! %1!!" 8 #$718 $981% 8!<1" # $#718 !"18;
;%% :8 %1<98 " #$%1% <#%18 !9"1! # $"#1! !$188
;%% :" %1<$8 % #$%1% <";1% !$%1" # $;!1$ !%18#
;%% :9 %1$9< 7 ;718 !##1% !%<1; # !$<17 $"1#8
66
ª
#6*
$
HØ-g¹
fHD5#6*
$
FKE/JSLH/C HE/LB3JO
M%
ëY
Y@0N3J/@E&W%
:Y
-@OSHEB!P
Q
F
=IDª
P HELB3SFJLHF0OFCHDHMH4FLH/C /MF5
+B3EFO3P30/Q5
?=@>K
?
z{ÊqK(
ª
#
hxR
;%% m
!
6\Jgþ»=:
YëYÍ
"
:YÍëü
!
pI.}Q
%1%;7 ! OO
=ìq³³<æ3
#
=
*
$
HØ-g¹
$
ª
#
©Ô
%
6\Jgþ
*
$
HØ-g¹=±Y
ð´
!
hHÃu=6
îOð90
!
8
î&Ý0PQ
øózv=
$
!Fj7W)
YW)ÜL
"([Y,#
=
·j-g¹`#k
+k=wêk
"X@ $65!$%%##$
ª
#
zv©¾ox
%
9ëYÍ
!" B
=H
Ø-g¹îqÝð909=HØ5Þ
! B
=Û
!
tzJgþ¨3
" B!
>HÍÏ
Ðwk=«¨
&
9:YÍ
!
î
BZB
%
e%1#
!! B
=Íõ=HØ-g¹î
" B
=C
!
tz
" B
=
Í=´Ïwk>«¨
$
8î
%1$ eBZB
%
e%1;
!
! B
=HØ-g¹î
" B
=C
!
tz
! B
=Í>
HEÏwk=«¨
",JHFDFKF$65!#;;7#$
ª
#
éox
% ! B
=:YÍ=
*
$
HØ-
g¹îqÝð90
!
9=HØ5ÞëY
=Û
$
só»E
!
=ÃDîÍ+
E±²l^=ÏÐ
!
8I²ëCh
!
sÏÐwkU
WX
!
! B
!
ëYÍ=ÏÐwkf:YÍ
Ǭ
$
8
" B
=:YëYÍ
!
4P=HØ-g
¹=±YðD6D
!
s©÷óWôÍ+C
7$#
& ( )
!"
"
6
þ±²=´Ï
!
DcÝ£RÎ+=°¢ªWð
wk9=ÝQ8{²=ÏnWôÏÐ=HØm
5=Áâ
$
?=D>
˧(p(
Fj7W)YW)ÜL
"([Y,#
wÞÏÐ
D=Ñ
´Ï·
$ CO!
EÏ·
$ _8% CO!
DÏ·D
8% CO"tHFC $65!$%%7#$
ª
$
hxR6\JgþÍ=Ï}<.]Z
$
ª
$
©Ô
% !
" B
!
ëY:YwkÍ=Ï
Ð.}~Eî
#1$ _$18 CO!
tzÍQEÏ
«¨=ÿ
$ ! B
:YÍ
!
qÝ.}9=Ïø
ÞëY=Û
!
sl]tzRÍî»E
!
=ÃDîWôÍ+Cþ±²}=ÏÐwk
$
8
" B
=ëY:Y=Ï}<.ðD6D
!
øtz
RWôÍ+Cþ±²=ÏÐwk
!
^Ý£R
Î+=°¢ªWðwk9û=ÝQ
$
ª
$6
Ï.}$Ïø=)m
fHD5$6+B3J30FLH/C /MJFKH@EFCK S/J3N/0@O3
?=Q>
ÌÍÎÏ7Ð
ª
<
hxR
;%% m
Jg
! B
=Í
&)G
ª
$
ª
<
©¾ox
%
Í+Tyîûym
!
±²R
Í"êHØÝr
!
\©`3Î+îûwh±
²R}=Ïß
$
Î+îûwCh±²Du=
DÏÏÐ
!
N¾p6Ïnû=ÏÐwk
!
p
Ã÷îl^Q`côsTû=ÏÐw
k[ñ^=M§
$
Âl°m
!
ÏÐwk
=Î+îûwChTyîû=DÏ
!
ÿ¼l
^u=´Ï
!
åÜMy¸M§Y=DÏøîR
HØY
!
åæÍ=Þym5VD
!
ÏÐwk>
Ǭ
!
HØ÷N[Û
$
ª
<6
ôë±
;%% :8 :!
=
&)G
`
fHD5<6+B3&)G/M;%%j8j! SJ3SFJ3K MJ/OSBREH4F0O3LB/K
?=X>
ÑcÈ;
KÈz{ú]78
Í+=HØ÷ð9û¢tóRS
=
!
HØ÷©_
!
N¾©¾MëYÍE·
u=HØ÷\8u3èû<HØ÷
"
&Û-
!$%%7&
&=
!$%%;#
=Þ¨¢@^Í
Eû=
!
©²2ny
$$
y
$
©Ô
%
Í·uû<=.ÐÈ
HØE-HØEgJgþ=8
¢D=UV
!
¤Í·u=HØEÞû
<D
!
stzÍ=»8u>Hû
=´ÏEÏwk=«¨
!
©÷ó<$Î+
E=lWêô«¼RÜ_ûW
!
WôE=
ËwkIÙÚûW8ÿ¼×Ï
!
åæÍE
Wô=ÏÐ>«¨
$
î
# %%% m
!
Í·u=
9$#
6!
#$
# &Û-
%
ôë±»Í"êHØÝryä
HØEzvÞû<=
!
s©÷ó%Q
%
g
uÛ
!
Ü_ûWstæu3²
!
åæð-´ÏC
þ=Ï-btUûâ
!
ÏÐÔD
!
8±²¨D=Ï
Ð
!
\Î+îÛgÜ¢ê6=8bÏwk
fV±²¨b=°¢ªWwwk
!
sõ³Ïn
RWô=´ÏEÏ
!
N¾HØ÷¨
$ ;%%
m
(
Jg
$ B
=Í=.ÐÈHØE$û<
=ðD6D
!
8-HØELÞû<=æb
!
s©÷óJg
$ B
!
Í=Ü_ûWs
tæ6¤<
$
`
?>
ÑcÈ;
KÈz{ú]78
A*9B?>A1#$&2G*()-&.&"%1#*3-&(G%)&.$*G*9)+)%6 &"#`C)E*+#.%.C29#(&"$*(9&.*.3*$%)E*%#3;&&3$1*($&*+
8u
+34BC/0/DR
·u
)U@HNF03CLC@OP3J/M4FJP/C
û<
,4LHNFL3K Q//K 4BFJ4/F0
·u.ÐÈHØE
bG=
·u-HØE
bH/KHC3
.ÐÈHØE
G=
-HØE
(/KHC3
98% :! #<81% # #$91$ #9%1% 9;#18
;%% :! $981% # $#718 $!%1% ;981"
;8% :! $;71% # $7!1; $;$18 # %$!1<
#%%% :! #;<18 9;<17 <%%1% # %$%1#
;%% :$ #!$18 7#!1" #8718 98817
;%% :" <";1% # $;!1$ <#81% # %<91$
;%% :9 !##1% # !$<17 <#81% # %"91<
66
<6
w
##
þg==ÛJgþ=¿½
!
ûW
stæ¤<
!
ÍõE·uHØ÷ø
^
$
kê·uHØ÷~u=>?
!
g
;%% m(
Jgþ
! B
QúF8u
!
»æÍ"êH
ØÝr=~u
(
.ÐÈHØE-HØE<
VQ
%1!!" 8 D)D
:#
!#$718 OD)D
:#
8!<1" OD)D
:#
$
$#
wê
*
$
HØ-g¹Ï}<.=
!
Íî»E
!
=ÃD
!
îWô
Í+Cþ±²«¨=ÏÐwk
!
HÍÞym
5=D
!
:YÍ=HØ÷ÞëY=Û
$
<#
[2jK`©Ô
!
Î+îûwChp
fÏnû=ÏÐwk
!
Tyîû=DÏ
!
åÜMy¸M§Y=DÏøîRHØY
!
ÏÐwkU«¨
!
HØ÷N[Û
$
!#
[2·u$û<HØ÷=Þ¨æ
Ô
!
ÍØõî»E
!
Î+E=lû²<
9<¸3Ü_ûW=Y
!
HûÏÐw
k=sl]Ǭ
$
n o + ,
*H/
5$%%85
¨hí"Yû=LMì«
5
wD)vw)
_e
5
â
5$%%85
±»¤~û=LM
5
&()
!!#"8#%##8
:##75
&Û
!
6
^
!
*
6
Ñ
!
-
5$%%75
Ûû<=»$Ïwkyä
5
W8s¬
!$""7#% ;;8 :;;95
&Û
5$%%;5
W8u9Ûû<÷=>?
5
&()
!
!8"!#% ##$ :##"5
YçH
!
\Hà
!
6
=
!
-
5$%%95EMZ=,&
¢ªÍò"êÝr=»
)÷LM
5
Ýr()$8u
!#""!#% !!8 :!!95
,JHFDFKFb! ?FJ4Fb! G/0HCFj&FPH/G!$65#;;75)M34L/MEL3FO
F4LHNFLH/C /C LB3S/J/EHLRFCK 4B3OH4F0CFL@J3/MF4LHNFL3K 4FJP/CE
MJ/OM2:650B$2(?5"C25(FCK S3F4B EL/C3E5GH4J/S/J/@EGFL3JHF0E!
9"
BHDB0ROH4J/S/J/@EFCK O3E/S/J/@EF4LHNFL3K 4FJP/CE5FJP/C! <;
""#% 977 :99"5
G/0HCFj&FPH/G!?/CVF03Vi!b/KJD@3Vjb3HC/E/f5$%%!5,KE/JSLH/C /M
*X
<
FCK X
$
& /C F4LHNFL3K 4FJP/C FCK F4LHNFL3K 4FJP/CjE3SH/0HL3
S303LE5FJP/C!!$"$#% !!9 :!8%5
tHFC t!GF4BHKFP G!+FLE@O/L/X5$%%75YJ3SFJFLH/C /MF4LHNFL3K 4FJP/CE
MJ/O4FL03jOFC@J34/OS/ELPRVHC44B0/JHK3F4LHNFLH/C5=H/J3E/@J43
+34BC/0/DR!;9"$#% <8< :<"%5
kFL3EG! =0FC4/i! ,NH0FY!$65$%%%5X/C3R4/OP O/C/0HLBE/M
F4LHNFL3K 4FJP/CEM/J3M0@3CLDFES@JHMH4FLH/C5GH4J/S/J/@EFCK
G3E/S/J/@EGFL3JHF0E!<7"#Z$#% $%# :$%95
kFL3EG! =0FC4/i! GFJLHCj-@3CD/G,!$65$%%<5.FS/@JFKE/JSLH/C
4FSF4HLR/M4/CLJ/03K S/J/EHLRB/C3R4/OP O/C/0HLBE5GH4J/S/J/@E
FCK G3E/S/J/@EGFL3JHF0E!"8"$Z<#% $#; :$<#5
ABFCDk!>3HA! &BH-!$65$%%95BFJF4L3JHVFLH/C /M0FE3JS/QK3J
K3S/EHL3K +Hj+H 4/OS/EHL3EFCK M@C4LH/CF0DJFKH3CLOFL3JHF0E5
i/@JCF0/MGFL3JHF0EYJ/43EEHCD+34BC/0/DR!$%""# :<#% !<9 :!!!5
!
!"#$
6
$w®
"
;$#