测定绥满公路（301国道）海林至亚布力段森林区路侧土壤及红松等19种植物叶片中Pb，Cd，Cu，Zn，As的质量分数，研究5种重金属元素在公路路侧森林区土壤-植被中的质量分数分布特征。结果表明： 土壤中5种重金属平均质量分数普遍高于背景值，土壤的单因子和综合污染指数计算结果显示，Cd为重污染，Zn，Cu，Pb，As为轻度污染，综合污染指数等级达到中度污染，但重金属质量分数除Cd略高外，其余均低于国家二级标准。Cd是道路交通重金属污染的主要污染物之一，公路两侧植物叶片中Cd质量分数随距离的增加而逐渐降低，土壤中Cd质量分数随距离增加先升高后降低。研究结果还进一步表明，公路旁侧森林区土壤与植被主要重金属富集区距公路约40～60 m范围之内。19种植物作为防治公路重金属污染林带树种的适宜性比较研究表明： 蒙古栎、白桦、臭松等树种可以作为公路旁侧防治重金属污染林带的骨干树种推广使用； 春榆、裂叶榆和毛赤杨等树种可作为重金属污染区绿化重点选用树种。
Mass fractions of heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,As) were measured in surface soil and 19 plant leaves in forests along both sides of Hailin to Yabuli section of Suiman highway in Heilongjiang Province. The mass fraction characteristics of five heavy metals in soil-vegetation system in the roadside were studied. The results showed that the mean mass fraction of 5 heavy metals was higher than the background value. The heavy metals pollution of the soil was evaluated by using single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index，the results showed that Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn and As had contaminated the soil, and the contaminated level of Cu,Pb,Zn and As reached lightly polluted，while Cd contamination was severer. The integrated pollution index showed the contaminated level reached to moderate pollution. But mass fraction of heavy metals was lower than national grade Ⅱ standard except Cd, which was one of the main pollutants of traffic pollution. Cd mass fraction gradually decreased in plant leaves, and increased and then decreased in the soil, with the distance apart from the highway. Moreover, the contaminated area of soil-vegetation system reached to 40～60 m of the forests from the highway. Suitability evaluation of 19 plant species to the heavy metals pollution was also comprehensively studied in this paper. It was found that the excellent tree species for preventing from the heavy metal pollution along both sides of the highway were Quercus mongolica,Betula platyphylla and Abies nephrolepis, which were able to grow well on the contaminated environment and accumulate high contents of the heavy metals. The other tree species such as Ulmus propinqua,Ulmus laciniata,Alnus hirsute,Philadephus schrenkii,Sorbaria kirilowii,Lonicera maacki were also suitable to grow in the region with the moderate pollution.
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