免费文献传递   相关文献

Relationship between Growth of Tree-Ring Width of Cupressus funebris and Climate Change, Pest Occurrence in Yunyang County

云阳县柏木生长与气候变化和虫害发生的关系


应用树木年轮生态学方法研究三峡库区云阳县柏木生长动态,通过交叉定年并滤除遗传因子对生长的影响,建立柏木标准年表和残差年表,并进行年表与气候因子相关性分析。结果表明: 云阳县柏木年轮生长与当年春季平均温度之间存在极显著负相关关系,与1,2月的月平均温度之间存在显著负相关关系; 月降雨量和湿度指数对柏木生长没有显著影响。柏木鞭角华扁叶蜂的发生与标准年表的相关分析表明柏木叶蜂的发生总面积、柏木感虫率与柏木生长存在显著相关关系。通过多元回归得出云阳柏木年轮指数与气候因子的关系模型,用于柏木生长的预测模拟。

The dynamic of radial growth of Cupressus funebris in Yunyang County, Three-Gorges reservoir area was assessed by dendroecological techniques. The residual chronology (RES) and standard chronology (STD) of C. funebris were developed through crossdating after filtering out the genetic factors which influence tree-ring growth using a mathematic model, and the relationship between radial growth of C. funebris and climate factors were analyzed. The result showed that there was a significantly negative relationship between the tree-ring growth and the mean temperature of current spring season. The radial growth was significantly and negatively affected by the mean monthly temperature in January and February. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between tree-ring growth and monthly precipitation, monthly humidity index. The correlation analysis between the occurrence of Chinolyda flagellicornis and STD also demonstrated that the total occurring area of C. flagellicornis and the infection rate of C. funebris were significantly correlated with the tree-ring growth. Finally, the correlation model of tree-ring width index and climatic factors was established by multi-factor regression for predicting growth of C. funebris.


全 文 :N!"
% N
33
z
7 8 3 3
Q
33
R
! " # $
>5_JVY_M >_LeMJ >_V_5MJ
e(-c!"&V(c33
V(SN&7 8 3 3
AD>yÄWXE98RI,ƒ„CW/MÃ
!
RST
3
#
UVW
7
#
XYZ
7
#
[\]
7
#
^
#
_
?
#
5`a
!
#
bcd
!
#3c
=_!"#$56`!"56a
#
fA
388843 7c
=_!"#$56`>!W}Š0EKÄ56a
#
fA
388843
?c
#
êë
!?88"4 !c
ƒÝéAD>!"s
#
AD
!8!H88$
%
#
&
!#
Õ¥\ÄQMW}$0156ÄìKÜAD>yÄWXÅ}
&
&¸ž@Q1ÓÒIJ:͚WX/
ïð
&
MyÄWoQA,í>QA
&
123QAE98:ÍLM^n#
%
eFAä
)
AD>yÄQMWXEÿQ
BCŸÕݽ|¼L7£ÞßîLMMÃ
&
E
3&7
R/RŸÕݽ|¼L7ÞßîLMMÃ

R³ï@,:½‡
šyÄWX‘’Þßïð
%
yÄð;xñUò/CWEWoQA/LMn#AäyÄUò/CWOçŸ
(

ˆƒ©EyÄWXL7ÞßLMMÃ
%
&Òq‘P+`ADyÄQM‡E98:Í/Mœ
&
¥ÊyÄW
X/yò…N
%
()
)#
AD>



WX

\ÄQM

ƒ„
*+,-.
! >"3Fc!H###
#$/01
!M###
#23.
!3883 O"!FF#7833$33 O88FF O8H
ŽSz
) 7838 O8H O38
‘Sz
) 7833 O83 O7H%
9’“
)
_0!"s!"œ^3"#5 “
#788F8!883$ !
@ZÅ
"
úóôä_0#¦”•–—
#7833/MQ?F/8!87$
=_!"#$
56`œ9’
#5MW\//788"838$ %
!õFC3&¤ÿ¥
%
/"$1)7%(4;7&?")A""(62%A);%*-2""./7(O [75);%*,4)#--4-*4/9#$-1(5
<$71)"<;1(O"& ="4)R88>22"(8"7(\>(91(O <%>()9
L2&U&$;&
3
#K&%(G2)%
7
#R*%$A6&-&
7
#A2$L&:&($
7
#=% L2&
?
#G%$R*%&a&$
!
#L&L&%$d*
!
#3cH"."(51/ I7.4:"2CG25".50& -+G#E"4J47A 388843 7*H"."(51/ I7.4:"2CG25".#12)2A0& #7F45273"7(7< %52"1427& -+G#E"4J47A 388843
?*O:;"4+1(<"302CG25".50# :^/(7 !?88"4 !cW:70(7A G25".E:5"(: 2C-/27AN47A#W:70(7A !8!H88$
:?4)218))#Y62%..2..2< @C<2<0(2+(-($&+%-,2+6&a*2.NY6202.&<*%-+60((-($C#9J>$ %< .,%<%0< +60((-($C#>YQ$ ()-*C:7";54.
T202<2S2-(;2< ,60(*$6 +0(..<%,&$%),20)&-,20&$(*,,62$22,&+)%+,(0.T6&+6 &)-*2+2,022D0&$$0(T,6 *.&$%
1%,621%,&+1(<2-& %< ,6202-%,&(.6&; @2,T22 0%<&%-$0(T,6 ()-*C:7";54.%< +-&1%,2)%+,(0.T202%%-CZ2.6(T2< ,6%,,6202T%.%.&$&)&+%,-C2$%,&S202-%,&(.6&; @2,T22 ,62,022D0&$$0(T,6 %< ,6212% ,21;20%,*02()+*002,
.;0&$.2%.(NY620%<&%-$0(T,6 T%..&$&)&+%,-C%< 2$%,&S2-C%)2+,2< @C,6212% 1(,6-C,21;20%,*02& U%*%0C%<
W2@0*%0CNM<<&,&(%-C& ,6202T%.(.&$&)&+%,02-%,&(.6&; @2,T22 ,022D0&$$0(T,6 %< 1(,6-C;02+&;&,%,&(& 1(,6-C
6*1&<&,C&<2:NY62+(002-%,&( %%-C.&.@2,T22 ,62(++*002+2()-/472)0<( C)(A")412574.%< >YQ%-.(<21(.,0%,2< ,6%,
,62,(,%-(++*00&$%02%()-*C)(A")412574.%< ,62&)2+,&( 0%,2()-*C:7";54.T202.&$&)&+%,-C+(002-%,2< T&,6 ,62,022D
0&$$0(T,6NW&%-C& ,62+(002-%,&( 1(<2-(),022D0&$T&<,6 &<2:%< +-&1%,&+)%+,(0.T%.2.,%@-&.62< @C1*-,&D)%+,(0
02$02..&( )(0;02<&+,&$$0(T,6 ()-*C:7";54.N
@"9 A%254)#\*C%$5(*,C -:65"..:.C:7";54. $0(T,6 ,022D0&$ ;2.,
##
\ÄWX0çxTŠIJ:Íïð
&
͍0
çxcGŠ0nÀ/º¬
&
h7cGŠ0:Í=9
8®±/ïðŠRIÐÂ
(
аˆ/
%
:&
&
\ÄQ
M:½êµgô\Ä7cGŠ0ïð—/WXlm
#W0&,.& 34"! $%
\ÄWXÓ®Šx³ï
#Q%$"
()N& 34F4 L%0.2 "()N& 344H$
,ݽ/ïð
#/0((`.
"()N& 344F
öIÂ]
& 7884 L&%$"()N& 7883%
7883@$%
ւ98Üä/\4
&
ïð\ÄWX/9
8:Íi’a>^
%
ì(¾ŸÜvYftº÷Ü
Ü
&
³”Šø%ày
# @(;47( 65T"\().L4$
WX/Ó®
ƒ?:Í
&
:h‹Ü䊃M‡³”RI.z/
¸ùÜc
#/0%*&$& 3444
§ú_]
& 7883
CU
ü]
& 788P $&
h¯F»û¸vwUUV
# !(54K
A"3")474$
/QM:½šWXC»Yî(/ݽ°
ˆ
#
;••]
& 788H$
’$¥)¤¥=_f0º
÷
(
ʺ÷Ü/\M:þ56
78
ìí£Áº÷æÀ
#N
33
z öIÂ]
)
AD>yÄWXE98RI,ƒ„CW/MÃ
ræRIþq
#
;••]
& 788H
CUü]
& 788?
L&%$"()N& 788P$%
\ÄWXš98:Í/ðÕ_
bcõ’-Ò56
#L%0.2 "()N& 344H L&%$"()N&
7883%
CUü]
& 788P$
3Bj4.àáÞÜÜ
\ÄWXE98RI/MÃ
&
šÄìKÜÓ®\4
é-V
#%47:.3(..274(7($
WXE98MÃ235
6
&
eFAäKܺ{
(
={
(
—{é-VWXš9
8/ðÕL7>^
#
öIÂ]
& 7884 7833$&

ìKÜyÄ
#-:65"..:.C:7";54.$
WXš98RI/
ðÕ56õ*+,-
%
:&
&
TF¤¥\ÄQM9
8$01šyÄWXE98MÃ2356
&
3Äì
KÜyÄWX¶kÆüò56#$ë¹
%
ÄìKÜyÄnÈæçã
&
ŠKs¾I,W}
7Ä/ƒ®\4
&
yÄÒ3M_”zñM/$+
!
&
!neL¿ˆ
&
!no„ˆ
&
Œ¿3º½
&
‰
ƒð;xñUò
#-/072)0<( C)(A")412574.$
CW
%
TF¤¥98:ÍEƒ„CW/MÃ25698:
Í
(
ƒ„šyÄWX/ïð
&
3TÜÜAyÄ\Ä
QM$56,„ƒÌ¸ý@9ý
%
3#
ýþE01
BCBD
íîõö÷
56ÜË7DÊÄìKÜ/AD>X»!A
%
AD>ܸþW3
38Fw7!l+384w3!lJ&?8w?!l+
?3w7"lV&
jŒµàáÞƾbU!,ƾÿU!3
Ó
&
bU!µé-V
(

(
ùÄ
#-:7747A/(34(
)(71"2)(($

%
yÄ!ŸÕ\Ü
"NP 1&
ŸÕ!Ë
F +1&
"#½
8cP8 g8cFH%
BCFD
whø=Qù6úû
\$¦]tu@/¦]çà
&
Ê°ˆ^vw
(
W}Š0vw,ÀTvw]
#
SÞ@
& 3448$%
9]
56!n=/[*Ä
&
q¦±yÄ
H4
%
&
\$
33F
h
%
]Ây߸õöt›
>,(`2.
]
#34PF$
ýè/
9T0123
&
\$bº
(
­@
(
›&
(
ò@
&
ò@
/\Mop†¥”Á×o
5bWJ5RM#W0&,.&
344F R(-12.& 34F?$
23¸ž@Q,sÖdý
&
ºÒ@Q,:½ò@×=`D/ӂb>
%
&
M9>YMV
×o
#5((` "()N& 34FP$
¦¥]n(N
…
&
‡Ò\ÄTŠIJ:Í{W/WXß*,\Ä
|¼º½ËÌ{W/>?,™H]WXß*
&
§
¤¥]Top†,˜N…WXrs†/)23*
K
&
¤˜WoI
&
+çyÄWXWoQA
# >YQ&
.,%<%0< +60((-($C$&
‚]01+çí>QA
#9J>&
02.&<*%-+60((-($C$&
TFÓ®¤¥WoQA23y
ÄWXE˜ä:Í/LMn#
%
3c7c3#
Ÿ ˆ‰
#
h¹¦]c/DE,åæ
&
9]
=_Üç98:þR†¹
%
ADÒQŸÕ9Ý
3"c7 i&
ÐÜ9Ý7
"&F
R
%
ÒQŸÕ³ï@3
3 3H"cH 11&
³ïÓ®±=7
H+38
R
#
Ö
3$%
9
]
34P"+788P
Q¼(Q
"
RÚÿQ
37
R|¼q
3F
…R/RŸÕ9Ý
(
RO³ï@
(
C½ŸÕ9Ý
,C½O³ï@µ¶:½‡
#
+ª,]
& 788?$&
:½‡ŠRŸÕݽERO³ï@/™†
%
34
7d98:þ/Ս^
&
¦¥
X2<%-
01734
opŠãL7ˆRc
&
¥
Q(*@-2D1%..
01
#X(6-20&
34!4$
73op/Å&RI
%
7d/eFAä
)
n#a¤¥/98:þRILšÕ
&
ê¥2òA
g§98/RI
%
Ö
3#
ADÒQRŸÕݽ,RO³ï@
W&$N3#E(,6-C12% ,21;20%,*02%< 1(,6-C,(,%-
;02+&;&,%,&( & \*C%$5(*,C
3c7c7#
ˆ‰GŠ¡¢£¤¥
#
QM:½‡QA
/MŠ&”Á×o
M9>YMV#R*$62."()N&
3443$

&
ʌµ/X3
7H
Q/]n(ºÒ
\WXß*
&
1š‡ß*/opµMƒŸÕ1
…„
>YQ%
;<ç\E\|¼ËÌê)wª:½
º/´ÃRI
&
:&½µr¼op/g‘P…“
7‡ß*9ýº23N…
&
23nñWoI
%
T
F¤¥
>=>>
ö”HÀ/LM(n#\ÄQM
:½QAE98:Í/MÃ
&
5698:͚ÄWX/ïð
%
7#
eFEn#
FCBD
ù6úû
QM:½‡ŠQMGø:½Ez„†|™
&
\ÄQMQAŠ¤¥\ÄQM:½‡
&
ºÒ4ô
IJ:ͺ¬/
(
&\Áàh{W/\ÄËFW
X¾œß*¶˜äŃ?:ÍP„/\ÄWXÏ
Å
&
*+/QM:½‡RIrs
#
SÞ@
& 3448$%
ADyÄWoQA,>†QArs(Ö
7
a6
%
ë
yÄQAêµò`
&>YQ
,
9J>
™Œ-…
&
rsR
IÅƍª
&
:&
&
åš
>YQ
23E98:Í/L
Mn#
%
4F
! " # $
!"
%
#
Ö
7#
ADyÄWoQA,>†QArs
W&$N7#5*0S2.()9J> %< >YQ()-*C:7";54.& \*C%$5(*,C
FCFD
ü˜™šFýþÿ!"#$Ødº
yÄWXEC»98:Í/MÃ+A
3%
WX
EC»³ï@,:½‡/LMMÃÖÞß
&
éE
ÿQBC/ŸÕݽJD`£ÞßîLM
&

?
2/ŠäÿQBCݽEWX/MÃ
%
6
BD
ü˜™šFýþÿ!q‘d›º
!
-1?EBD<%22"$1)7%(8%"**787"()*%2,-!1(54"14%(1$
")"%2%$%O781$51)1

>2%.(
ŸÕݽ
E2%
,21;20%,*02
³ï@
Y(,%-
;02+&;&,%,&(
:½‡
R*1&<&,C
&<2:
ºQÏ
L%.,%*,*1 O8c3"7 8c8!! 8c8F4
ºQ*
L%.,T&,20 O8c8"F O8c33? O8c3!7
ÿQB
5*002,.;0&$
O8c!"7
!!
8c744
8c?F3
!
ÿQ.
5*002,.*1120 O8c7HH 8c8P7 8c33F
ÿQÏ
5*002,%*,*1 8c88! 8c84" O8c878
ÿQ*
5*002,T&,20 O8c77" 8c7!? 8c7"?
##
% !
)
LMÞߔŸ
8c8H 5(002-%,&( &..&$&)&+%,%,,628c8H
-2S2-#7D,%&-2<$
!!
)
LMÞߔŸ
8c83 5(002-%,&( &..&$&)&+%,%,
,628c83 -2S2-#7D,%&-2<$N
—‚
Y62.%12@2-(TN
##
ëÖ
?
êµò`yÄQM:½M‡EÿQ
N
3
C½ŸÕݽJD`ÞßîLMMÃ
&
LM
Á
5mO8c!"7%
Oa2ò
&
N
3
C½ŸÕݽ
RI9½~ÊQM‡/Q½RI9½
&
‰
7
n
rsAD`£/îLM
% 34"!
Qµ(
&
QM‡
RI9½ŒÂ
&
h
3
C½ŸÕݽRI9½Œ
~
&
!êµCD
3
C½ŸÕݽEQM‡€…
V†/šÕMÃ
34"!

&7
nrs/MÃAD
θù
&3
C½ŸÕݽ/€…´†šÕQM‡
/ÜV†
&
h
3
C½ŸÕݽ/€…ÜV†šÕ
QM‡/´†
%
FCHD
ü˜™šF%ÿ!"#$Ødº
342/ŠäyÄWXE98:Í|¼/M
Ã
&
šWXER98:Í/MÃ23n#
&
eF(A
7
a6
%
Ö
?#
QM:½‡EN
3
C½ŸÕݽ/MÃ
W&$N?#5(002-%,&( +(2)&+&2,)(09G_
%< 12% ,21;20%,*02& 3.,a*%0,20
6
FD
ü˜ù&( IF%ÿ!"#d›º
-1?EFD<%22"$1)7%(8%"**787"()*%2/[P
1(5%();$9 ")"%2%$%O781$51)1
RQ
E(,6
ŸÕݽ
E2%
,21;20%,*02
³ï@
Y(,%-
;02+&;&,%,&(
:½‡
R*1&<&,C
&<2:
" O8c38" 8c84H 8c338
F O8c3!? 8c8P! 8c8P"
4 O8c84? 8c83? 8c887
38 8c8"3 8c887 O8c88?
33 O8c88H O8c3?" O8c334
37 O8c734 O8c78F O8c3HP
3
O8c?!3
!
O8c873 8c8F4
7
O8c?P4
!
8c3F! 8c74F
? O8c7F8 8c7H! 8c7"!
! O8c77! 8c88P 8c8H3
H O8c3?P 8c78P 8c778
P O8c8!? O8c38F O8c38!
" O8c384 8c87? 8c8?3
F 8c8HP 8c8H? 8c8!F
4 8c87? O8c8F! O8c84!
38 O8c743 8c738 8c7?8
33 8c8!! 8c8P" 8c8H8
37 O8c7H7 8c84F 8c3PF
##
ëA
7
êµò`
)
yÄQM‡E
3&7
R/Ÿ
ÕݽJÞßîLMMÃ
&
ë98:ÍE\ÄQM
:½‡LM^ò
&
yÄWXÓ®x
3&7
RŸÕÝ
½/ïð
&
ÿÜ98¹Þ6
3&7
RŠ‹ÜÜݽ
д/RQ
&
Ö}ÊyÄWXC»
&
‰
3&7
R9ÝÆ
Eƒ„CWEãMã¦
%
ð;xñUòÊŠï
ðyÄWX/ƒ®:Í
&
h
3&7
Rݽ´
&
šUòÉ
*{WÖ¤ïð
&
ëh>?4‹ƒÉ*
&
T?4N
7
Qƒ„CW/õƒ×½
&
㒤ÊyÄ/WX

§
h
&
(F
3&7
RݽÜ
&
w’¤ÊUò‹ƒ/É*
&
ª¤
!&H
R’Â@Uò¸„yÄ
&
ëh{W4yÄ
WXE
3&7
Rݽ/ÞßîLMMÃ
% 3&7
R3A
DÜ܍Q=ݽд/RQ
&
hð;xñUò‹
ƒ*CÉ*Š˜Wüsz=/ƒ®Š»
&7
RÿÝ
½ñ@7
3H i
rYîI/
#
0æ1
& 3448
;23
84
#N
33
z öIÂ]
)
AD>yÄWXE98RI,ƒ„CW/MÃ
]
& 7883$&
§\I{º
%
:&
&7
R/ݽšU
ò/I/Åƃ®
&
ݽÜw7L‚nÀ—’ÎÒ
/‹ƒI/
(
\I,{º
&
ëhšyÄ{WÎÂ/
ïð
%
Ö
!
êµÎ·%ÜAD`yÄWXE
7
Rݽ
/MÃ
&
Ö¥/MÃ7
34"7
Q(Öfª
&
Ó®
ŠôÊßʋrz/yÄ
&
˜WX/RIß*Î
ÒÜxIJ:Íïð
& 34"7
QyÄWXE
7

Õݽ/MÃAD`-/îLM
%
Ö
!#
yÄQM:½‡E
7
RŸÕݽ|¼/MÃ
W&$N!#5(002-%,&( +(2)&+&2,)(0=G_%< 12%
,21;20%,*02& W2@0*%0C
FCID
ü˜™šF)*+™$غd,K
342/ŠäyÄWXE98,ƒ„|¼/

&
¤¥ƒ„CWlm.zX`¹
&
Ê
34F7+
788P
Qƒ„CWOçŸ
(
ƒ½CW矵¶56!
nˆƒ©/X`¹
&
EyÄWXQM‡ÿLM
n#
#
A
?$%
6
HD
ù&( IF)*+™$Ød›º
-1?EHD<%22"$1)7%(8%"**787"()*%2/[P1(5%88>227(O
12"1 %*,+*1":1$30#/$-
UòCWOçŸ
Y(,%-(++*00&$
%02%
ƒ½CWçŸ
R&$6D$0%<2
(++*00&$%02%
ˆƒ©
=20+2,()
&)2+,&(
O8cF3"
!!
O8c"!?
!!
O8cFHH
!!
##
ëA
?
êµCD
)
yÄQM‡Eƒ„CWO
çŸ
(
ƒ½CW矵¶ˆƒ©ÕL7ÞßîLM

&
ŠäQM‡Ü/QQ
&
ƒ„CWOçŸ,ƒ
½CWçŸ~
&
hQM‡´/QQ
&
ƒ„CWOç
Ÿ,ƒ½CWçŸÂ
&
Šäƒ„/CWõƒïð4
yÄ/WX
%
ƒ„/CWwªyÄbUx>
&
&
ïðbU/@wªjúŽ…ÿ¥/—³ëhïð
yÄ/WX
&
ւCW×½AäyÄbU/ւx
>×½
%
FCJD
ü˜™šFÿ!"#º,N
¥s^‘P01šADyÄQM:½
#^
4
$
E
3&7
Rݽ
#D
3
&D
7
$
23‘Pn#
&
M¥9ó:Í
y,QM:½/ö”$…“
)
^
4
_3c"7 8`c88PD
3
8`c88HD
7
#%a8c8H$%
##
‹…“E¯½Bç
4HI
µº
&
LMÞß
%
¥
3&7
Rݽêµ-/…NQM:½‡
#
Ö
H$%
7
34P"+34""
Q|¼>á4u|
&
Š
:3\ċrWXÎÒxIJ:Í/ïð
&

Q/ÁXÓ®xŠ0:Íïð

|N…‡F-

&
rs/V†-…
&
hØ&Ör¼/éøyò†
EGò†|¼L>É2É~
%
Ö
H#
QM:½‡Gò†E…N†™Œ
W&$NH#E2%.*02< S%-*2.%< .&1*-%,2< S%-*2.
(),022D0&$T&<,6 &<2:
?#
øE
yÄWXœo
&
QMÖ·¸
&
¸ž@Q5.
&
‰
&YIOf
!
…0F/š™n#
&
ë@×½º
O64QMÖ·¸/÷m
&
¤ŒÒ/\$W„QA
%
yÄ7‹ÜÜWXEݽL7ÞßLMMÃ
&
Eÿ
QBC/ŸÕݽJD`£ÞßîLMMÃ
&
E
3&
7
R/RŸÕݽJîLM
&
hE³ï,:½‡
LMMÃÖÞß
%
yÄ/WXE98:Í=/C»R@,RQR
@ÕL7ÞßLMMÃ
&
ã4MÃê)ôÊ98:
Í/Êdïð
&
Æê)Š˜ä¼dº½:±P„
%
h¹¥¥/n#
&
ݽšyÄWX/ïð™³ïÎ
Þß
%
A D ³ ï = N
&
Ò Q Ÿ Õ ³ ï @ 3
3 3H"cH 11&
:&Ö.¸.T56=Üܳï,:
¯‡ÖŠïðyÄWX/M,:Í
%
Íc
&

3oW
(
;Ž\4
&
®ŽÝß:¯/98Š0
&
zW
QÕÝ3
3?c8 g34c8 i%
ôÊÿÜsQݽŒÜ
&
*BC´Ýê)L„\ÄWX/ƒ?:±
%
7AD
3&7
RݽEQM:½‡/MÃE¶ß=]
34
! " # $
!"
%
#
#788P$
šfADy
#%)(01)(<:.254"7()4.$
/56e
F֍ª
&
BCݽšDyQM:½/ïðÖÞß
%
ôÊADyÄÒ3$+!
&
P!£½Â
&
\4
ˆ
&
wªƒ„CWõƒ
&
_˜Šð;xñUò/¸
„„3ÑQ2ïðyÄWX/ƒ®:Í
%
ð;xñ
Uò/CWÓ®ŠxݽRI/ïð
%
7…N=Q
M:½gô`
3&7
RݽšyĒïð
&
êµ.™
3ݽRIïð4ƒ„/CW
&
2hïð4yÄ/
WX
%
šÊƒ„CW
(
yÄWX¶˜98Ä¥¼/
LêMÃ
&
A’%ʂƒ„CW¹/D7
&
µ¶
š‚„\$]]23n#
&
_˜Šš‚ƒ„CW
/ޓQQE\ÄWX/áâ23n#
&
&\Ä
QM$0156‚ƒ„CW/á⵶‚ƒ„CW
E98|¼/MÃ
%
#ºaè
&
ADyÄWXE98:ÍMÃ/5
6ŠÄìKÜ\ÄQM$/÷8^56
&
Ɗšà
áÞÜÜ\ÄQM56/8=
%
KÜé-V\ÄQ
M$56Aä
)
Kܺ{
(
={,—{é-VWX
š98/ðÕL7>^
#
öIÂ]
& 7884$&
:&
&
T
56›3ADyÄWX56¶>!kÆüò56#
$ë¹,9?
&
‚rÆ3ÄìKÜ΂W}7Ä!
aÃMË564#¦ºQ
%
‰Š
&
ôÊÄìKÜÜ
|À·
&
Ü|>^wªŠ0:ÍRI-Â
&
:&AD
yÄWXE98:Í/MÃ)ãéãÕ¥ç˜äÜ
Ü
&
)’%Ê2/dý
%
! " # $
+ª,
&
CUü
&
Oå:
&
]
c788?N
fžâ\ÄQM:½:þš
‡W}98®±/ƒM
N
NWí56
&7?#!$ ) !7F O!?HN
¶ß=
&
X’#
&
;M<
&
]
N788PN
DyQM:½,QM£½š9
8RI/ðÕ
N
!"#$
&!7#"$ ) "F OF7N
öIÂ
&
õFC
&
¶©=
&
]
N7884N
ÄìKÜ>P>ւåæé-
VËFWXš98/ðÕ
N
!"#$
&!H#7$ ) ?? O?4N
öIÂ
&
õFC
&
¶©=
&
]
N7833N
ÄìKܺ{é-VWX¶˜E
98RI/MÃ56
N
x=ú"Â$$,
&?8#!$ ) !7P O!?3N
§ú_
&
CUü
N7883N
bRSmv?ܞfQMWX‡/R^
N
júW}$,
&7H#7$ ) 348 O34!N
CUü
&
0@
&
–AB
&
]
N788?N
CBÄYÏâÜDQø%ày
QM@Qn#
N
ܸ$,
&HF#3$ ) 48 O388N
CUü
&
§ú_
&

#
,
&
]
N788PN
CBĞÜYft‡
3 !?" %
/³”RIƒM
N
98RI562é
&7#?$ ) 377 O37PN
zT¾
&
öIÂ
&
21k
&
]
N7838N
\ÄECú¶˜^ƒÿ¥562
é
N
xfú$,
& 7H#
Á
$ ) 3 O!N
;••
&
CUü
&

#
,
N788HN
¯F»û¸vwUUVEFÍVMW X þ ^ ¶ ˜ š 9 8 / ð Õ
N
j ú W } $ ,
& 74
#?$ ) ?F8 O?FHN
SÞ@
N3448N
\ÄQME98RI
N
fA
)
9ó`ý0
N
/0x*&$MN3444NQ2<0(+-&1%,(-($&+%-;(,2,&%-()<0(*$6,.2.&,&S2
,022.,%<.& .(*,620 Y&@2,)(0,6202+(.,0*+,&( ()1(00.((%-
%+,&S&,CN _,20%,&(%- M..(+&%,&( () G((< M%,(1&.,.&
78#?$ ) ?7H O??FN
/0((`.U9& W-%%$% L/& J6-20&$20U9N344FN92.;(.2.()@(02%-
+(&)20.,(+-&1%,2)-*+,*%,&(.) _<&+%,&(.)0(1,022D0&$T&<,6.%<
+%0@( &.(,(;2%%-C.2.N5%%<&% U(*0%-()W(02.,0C92.2%0+6& 7F)
H7! OH??N
5((` J9& R(-12.9LN34FPN[.20.E%*%-)(0M9>YMVNY*+.()
L%@(0%,(0C()Y022D0&$92.2%0+6& [&S20.&,C()M0&Z(%N
Q%$^ L& L&2)20.eUN34F4N5-&1%,2%< %*%-0&$$0(T,6 ()@-%+`
.;0*+2.& .(12M-@20,%;2%,-%<.N5%%<&% U(*0%-()/(,%C& P")
3FFH O3FF4N
W0&,.R5N34"!NY0229&$%< 5-&1%,2NL(<() M+%<21&+=02..&
7P3 O7PFN
W0&,.R5N344FN *^&+` R2-; )(0=02+( V(T5%-2< =02+(` e20.&(
Hc3"NY*+.(& M0&Z(%) Y62[&S20.&,C()M0&Z(%N
R*$62.EX& /0(T =EN3443NQ0(*$6,)02a*2+C& +2,0%-5%-&)(0&%
.&+2383 /N5N02+(0<2< & B&%,>2a*(&%,0220&$.N5-&1%,2
QC%1&+.& P) 3P3 O3P"N
R(-12.9LN34F?N5(1;*,20D%..&.,2< a*%-&,C+(,0(-& ,022D0&$<%,&$
%< 12%.*0212,NY022D0&$/*-2,&& !?) P4 O"HN
X(6-20EMN34!4Nb ,62*.2()<(*@-2D1%..%%-C.&.)(0,2.,&$,62
+(.&.,2+C()12,2(0(-($&+%-02+(0<.%< )(01%`&$ 02a*&02<
%(+&2,C& F7)
4P O4"N
L%0.2 5 =>& E%+Q(%-< 5 EN344HN92-%,&(.@2,T22 ,022D0&$
T&<,6.& +-&1%,2& %< %*%-%02%@*02< & ,62@(02%-)(02.,()
M-@20,%N5%%<&% U(*0%-()W(02.,92.2%0+6& 7H) 3"!P O3"HHN
L&%$J\& L&* K R& \*% \ U& "()N788PNY623478.<0(*$6,
02+(0<2< @C,0220&$.%< 6&.,(0&+%-<(+*12,.& ,62.21&D%0&< %<
%0&< %02%.()(0,620 56&%N5-&1%,&+56%$2& "4) !8? O!?7N
L&%$J\& >6%(KE& R*%$LN7883%NQ2<0(+-&1%,&+2S%-*%,&( ()
+-&1%,2D$0(T,6 02-%,&(.6&;.()E2C20.;0*+2( %.%.21&D%0&< $0%..-%<& (0,6 56&%NY022.& 3H) 7?8 O7?HN
L&%$J\& >6%(KE& L& UK& "()N7883@NM<2<0(+-&1%,&+.,*02-&+%41"( 3"0"54& _20E($(-&% .,2;;2NM+,%/(,%&+%>&&+%&
!?#?$ ) 7FF O74!
>,(`2.EM& >1&-2CYLN34PFNM _,0(<*+,&( ,(Y0229&$Q%,&$N
56&+%$() [&S20.&,C()56&+%$(N
!
!"#$
#
¦§¨
"
74