Abstract:RAPD markers were used to assess genetic variation within and among 9 relict populations of Heptacodium miconioides in Zhejiang Province. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of H. miconioides was low, the genetic variation was partitioned mainly among rather than within populations, and nine populations clustered into two group s. The analysis showed that the biological character and the samp ling effect were main reasons of the great genetic variation among populations. Then two approaches of conserving genetic diversity of H. miconioides populationswere brought.