以新型甘蓝型油菜（ArArCcCc）与自然甘蓝型油菜品种湘油15（AnAnCnCn）杂交，人工配制了ArAnCcCn油菜亚基因组间杂种。亚基因组间杂种花粉母细胞减数分裂基本正常，中期I大多以19个二价体的构型存在，但偶尔也有单价体、三价体和四价体等异常情况出现。在减数分裂后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ，绝大多数细胞中的同源染色体和姊妹染色单体正常分离，仅在很小比例的花粉母细胞中观察到落后染色体。不同亚基因组间杂种的减数分裂正常程度存在一定的差别，其中Ar和An基因组之间的遗传分化可能是主要原因。产量分析表明亚基因组间杂种具有较强的杂种优势潜势，并且亚基因组间杂种的种子产量和正常花粉母细胞所占比例呈显著正相关。
It was found that there were strong correlations between genetic distance and mid parent heterosis for seed yield in rapeseed. So the increasement of genetic diversity of B. napus is an important way to increase the yield of oilseed rape. There are two strategies to enhance the diversity of B. napus. One is to resynthesize B. napus artificially by sexual or somatic hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea, another is to introduce good characters of other Cruciferae materials into B. napus. However, multivalent or univalent formation at meiosis result in low fertility and low seed setting in these resynthesized lines, which were less direct utilized in seed production. In order to overcome this shortcoming, a new breeding strategy was conducted in our experiment, using the plants with 38 chromosomes (ArArCcCc) selected from the progenies of pentaploid hybrids (ArAnBcCnCc) derived from the hybridization between hexaploid (ArArBcBcCcCc) and natural B. napus (AnAnCnCn). Intersubgenomic hybrids of rapeseed were produced by hybridization between the novel genotype B. napus (ArArCcCc) and natural B. napus, Xiangyou 15 (AnAnCnCn). The cytological studies on the intersubgenomic hybrids (ArAnCcCn) revealed that the main chromosome configuration of pollen mate cell (PMCs) was 19 bivalents, the trivalents and quarivalents were also appeared in some cases at metaphase Ⅰ. The assessments of homologous chromosomes and chromosome monads at anaphase Ⅰ and anaphase Ⅱ were normal except for some laggards that were observed in a few cases. It indicated that the chromosome pair of Ar/An and Cc/Cn in the intersubgenomic hybrids could be normally paired in most cases. The genetic differentiation of subgenomes between Ar and An may influence the meiosis of intersubgenomic hybrids.
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栗茂腾等：甘蓝型油菜亚基因组间杂种（ArAnCcCn）的细胞学和育性研究 图版Ⅰ
LI Mao-Teng et al.: The Cytological and Fertility Studies on Intersubgenomic Hybrids (ArAnCcCn) in
Brassica napus PlateⅠ
图版说明
油菜亚基因组间杂种的细胞学行为和育性观察（以 1ZX-1 × 湘油 15杂交组合为例）。
图 1：亚基因组杂种一个体细胞中的 38条染色体；图 2：第一次减数分裂中期出现的 19个二价体；图 3：第一次减数分裂终变期出现多价体
（箭头）和单价体（三角形符号）；图 4：第一次减数分裂后期同源染色体正常分离；图 5：第一次减数分裂末期出现落后染色体；图 6：第二次减数
分裂染色体正常排布；图 7：第二次减数分裂中期存在游离染色体；图 8：第二次减数分裂后期出现落后染色体；图 9：第二次减数分裂后期姊妹染
色单体正常分离；图 10：柱头上的花粉粒基本上能够正常萌发，长出花粉管，亮点为花粉管中形成的胼胝质塞；图 11：亚基因组杂种结实基本正常。
Explanation of PlateⅠ
Observations on cytological behavior and fertility of intersubgenomic hybrids of rapeseed using the combination, 1ZX-1 × Xiangyou 15, as an example.
Fig.1: A somatic cell from a style of intersubgenomic hybrid showing the expected 38 chromosomes at prometaphase; Fig.2: The 19 bivalents appeared
at metaphase Ⅰ; Fig.3: The multivalent (arrow) and univalent (triangle symbol) appeared at diakinesis; Fig.4: The normal segregation of homologous
chromosomes at MⅠ; Fig.5: The laggards appeared at anaphaseⅠ; Fig.6: The normal arrangement of chromosomes at MⅡ; Fig.7: Some chromosomes
orientated away from the equatorial plate; Fig.8: The laggards appeared at anaphase Ⅱ; Fig.9: The normal segregation of sister chromatids at MⅡ; Fig.10: The
germinated pollen grains with pollen tubes entered stigma tissue, the bright spot represent the callose plug; Fig.11: The developing siliquae of intersubgenomic
hybrids.
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