全 文 :泛喜马拉雅地区党参属六个新种和一个新亚种∗
洪德元
(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093)
摘要: 描述了在泛喜马拉雅地区发现的党参属六个新种和一个新亚种ꎮ Codonopsis campanulata 和 C reflexa
分布于尼泊尔ꎬ C bomiensis发现于西藏的波密和米林ꎬ 其余都产自四川西部ꎮ 六个新种均附有精美的线条图ꎮ
关键词: 党参属ꎻ 新种ꎻ 泛喜马拉雅ꎻ Codonopsis bomiensisꎻ Codonopsis campanulataꎻ Codonopsis ellipticaꎻ
Codonopsis hemisphaericaꎻ Codonopsis lixianicaꎻ Codonopsis reflexaꎻ Codonopsis cardiophylla subsp. megaphylla
中图分类号: Q 949 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-0845(2014)03-285-11
Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis
(Campanulaceae) from the Pan ̄Himalaya
HONG De ̄Yuan
(State Key Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China)
Abstract: Six species and one subspecies of Codonopsis are described from the Pan ̄Himalaya as new in the present
article. They are Codonopsis bomiensisꎬ C campanulataꎬ C ellipticaꎬ C hemisphaericaꎬ C lixianicaꎬ C reflexaꎬ and
C cardiophylla Diels ex Kom. subsp. megaphylla. The six new species each is provided with an illustration.
Key words: Codonopsisꎻ New speciesꎻ Pan ̄Himalayaꎻ Codonopsis bomiensisꎻ Codonopsis campanulataꎻ Codonopsis
ellipticaꎻ Codonopsis hemisphaericaꎻ Codonopsis lixianicaꎻ Codonopsis reflexaꎻ Codonopsis cardiophylla subsp. megaphylla
1 Codonopsis bomiensis D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov. Fig 1
Type: Chinaꎬ Tibetꎬ Bomi Countyꎬ Guxiangꎬ 3 200
mꎬ 30. Jul. 1965ꎬ J. S. Ying & D Y. Hong 650812
(holotype: PEꎻ isotypes: PE).
Codonopsis rotundifolia Benth. var. angustifolia
Nannf. ex Fletcherꎬ Bot. Mag. 167: tab. 131. 1950.
synꎬ nov. Type: Chinaꎬ Tibetꎬ Mainling Countyꎬ Do ̄
shongꎬ 2 900 mꎬ 28. Jul. 1938ꎬ F. Ludlowꎬ G. She ̄
rriff & G. Taylor 5377 A (holotype: BM)ꎻ Chinaꎬ
Tibetꎬ Mainlingꎬ Gyalaꎬ 29°43′Nꎬ 94°56′Eꎬ 2 835
mꎬ 23. Jul. 1938ꎬ F. Ludlowꎬ G. Sherriff & G. Tay ̄
lor 5377 (paratype: BM)ꎻ Chinaꎬ Tibetꎬ Mainlingꎬ
Lushaꎬ 29°25′Nꎬ 94°30′Eꎬ 18. Sept. 1938ꎬ F. Lud ̄
lowꎬ G. Sherriff & G. Taylor 5377 B (paratype: BM).
Codonopsis levicalyx auct. non L T. Shen: Hongꎬ
Lammers & Klein in Wuꎬ Raven & Hongꎬ Fl. China
19: 518. 2011ꎬ p. p.ꎬ quoad specim. Tibet.
Roots carrot ̄shapedꎬ 10-35 cm longꎬ 0 5-3 cm
in diameter. Caudex shortꎬ up to 1 5 cm long. Stems
twiningꎬ up to 2 m longꎬ or less frequently ascend ̄
ingꎬ glabrous or sparsely villoseꎬ branchedꎬ long
branches 15 - 30 cm longꎬ fertile or sterileꎻ short
branches mostly fertile. Leaves alternateꎻ petiole 5-
12 mm longꎻ leaf blade ovate or ovate ̄ lanceolateꎬ 2
-12 cm longꎬ 1-4 5 cm wideꎬ base cuneate or ob ̄
tuseꎬ margin serrateꎬ crenulateꎬ rarely lobed or en ̄
tireꎬ apex acute or short ̄acuminateꎬ above sparsely
hispidulousꎬ beneath sparsely to densely hirsute.
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 2014ꎬ 36 (3): 285~295
Plant Diversity and Resources DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201413152
∗ Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170175)ꎻ the National Science Infrastructure Platform Foundation of China
(Grant No. 2013FY112100)
Received date: 2013-07-19ꎬ Accepted date: 2013-11-22
作者简介: 洪德元 (1937-) 男ꎬ 中国科学院院士ꎬ 主要从事植物分类与进化研究ꎮ E ̄mail: hongdy@ibcas ac cn
Flowers terminal on main stem and branchesꎻ pedi ̄
cel glabrousꎬ up to 10 cm long. Calyx tube adnate to
whole hypanthiumꎬ calyx lobes and corolla inserted
at the same positionꎻ calyx tube semigloboseꎬ gla ̄
brousꎻ calyx lobes lanceolate to linear ̄lanceolateꎬ
1 4-2 cm longꎬ 0 5-1 cm wideꎬ entire or denticu ̄
lateꎬ glabrousꎬ apex acute or obtuseꎬ sinus between
lobes narrow and pointed. Corolla broadly campanu ̄
lateꎬ pale yellow  ̄greenꎬ with purple veinsꎬ 2-3 cm
longꎬ 1 5-2 cm in diameterꎻ corolla lobes deltoidꎬ
acuteꎬ 5-7 mm longꎬ ciliate. Stamens glabrousꎻ fi ̄
laments slightly dilated at baseꎬ ca. 3 mm longꎻ an ̄
thers ca. 3 mm long. Capsule semiglobose at inferior
partꎬ conical at superior partꎬ ca. 1 5 cm longꎬ 1 5
cm broad. Seeds ellipsoidꎬ brownꎬ ca. 0 8 mm long.
Notes: Codonopsis bomiensis was treated as a
variety in C rotundifolia Benth. by Fletcher (1950).
C rotundifolia has leaves mostly cordateꎬ less fre ̄
quently truncate or rounded at baseꎬ calyx lobes
broadly elliptic to ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ and corolla en ̄
tirely glabrous. And it is distributed on southern
slopes of the western Himalaya. Our new species was
Fig 1 Codonopsis bomiensis D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a. habitꎻ b. different forms of leavesꎻ c. a flower with corolla openedꎬ showing stamensꎬ discꎬ style and stigmaꎻ d. a capsule
682 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
once identified as C levicalyx L D. Shen (Hong et
al.ꎬ 2011). Actuallyꎬ C levicalyx is a synonym of
C henryi Oliv.ꎬ and our new species differs distinct ̄
ly from C henryi in having calyx lobes glabrousꎬ e ̄
rectꎬ not reflexedꎬ and largerꎬ 1 4-2 cm longꎻ co ̄
rolla broadly campanulateꎬ 1 5-2 cm in diameterꎬ
and corolla lobes ciliate.
Phenology: flowering in July and Augustꎻ frui ̄
ting in September and October.
Habitats: forests or scrubs at an altitude of 2700-
4 000 m.
Distribution: endemic to Chinaꎬ and found in
SE Tibet.
Additional Specimens examinedꎬ CHINAꎬ
TIBETꎬ Bomi: s. loc.ꎬ 3 200 mꎬ 18. Aug. 1960ꎬ G C.
Xia & T K. Mi 740 (KUN)ꎻ Daxingꎬ 3 250 mꎬ 03.
Sept. 1982ꎬ B S. Li & S Z. Cheng 550 ( PE)ꎻ
Zamuꎬ 2 700 mꎬ 13. Jul. 1965ꎬ Y T. Chang & K Y.
Lang 653 (PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 2 700 mꎬ herbs by crop
fieldsꎬ 13. Jul. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiao & G C. Xia 2183
(KUN)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 2 900 mꎬ thicketsꎬ 04. Sept.
1983ꎬ XZ Plant Resources Exped. 3972 (XZ)ꎻ Qum ̄
doꎬ 3 300 mꎬ edges of forests by riverꎬ 16. Jul. 1979ꎬ
R F. Huang 778 (HNWP)ꎻ Ri’along Gouꎬ 2 800 mꎬ
13. Jul. 1979ꎬ R F. Huang 1017 (HNWP)ꎻ vicini ̄
ty of Tongmaiꎬ 1 960 mꎬ among herbs by fieldsꎬ 21.
Jul. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiaoꎬ G C. Xia & T K. Mi 2251
(KUN)ꎻ Yurenꎬ 3 100 mꎬ 03. Sept. 1973ꎬ Qinghai ̄
Xizang Exped. 73-1359 (KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ
3 200 mꎬ 02. Sept. 1973ꎬ Acad. Sin. Qinghai ̄Gansu
Exped. 1050 (PE)ꎻ Yi’ongꎬ 3 100-3 400 mꎬ 17.
Aug. 1983ꎬ B S. Liꎬ C C. Ni & S Z. Cheng 6603
(PE)ꎻ Yi’ongꎬ Yi’ong Farmꎬ 3 500 mꎬ meadows
with shrubsꎬ 18. Aug. 1983ꎬ XZ Plant Resources
Exped. 3621 (XZ). Mainling: near Mainling Townꎬ
3 100 mꎬ 15. Aug. 1975ꎬ Qinghai ̄Xizang Suppl.
Exped. 751397 (HNWPꎬ KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ
3 000 mꎬ 13. Aug. 1982ꎬ C C. Ni et al. 2924 (PEꎬ
XZ)ꎻ Gongga Harborꎬ 3 200 mꎬ 22. Jul. 1972ꎬ Xi ̄
zang Chinese Mater. Medic. & Herbs Exped: 4155
(HNWPꎬ PE)ꎻ Hongwei Lumbering Yardꎬ 3 100 mꎬ
26. Aug. 1974ꎬ Qinghai ̄Xizang Exped. 74 - 1954
(KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 26. Aug. 1974ꎬ Qinghai ̄
Xizang Exped. 74-1962 (KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ
3 100-3 200 mꎬ 29. Jul. 1975ꎬ Qinghai ̄Xizang Sup ̄
pl. Exped. 751012 (HNWPꎬ KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ Paiquꎬ
Doxong Shanꎬ 3 200 mꎬ forestsꎬ 08. Aug. 1973ꎬ
HNWP Xizang Exped. 1882 (HNWP)ꎻ Paiquꎬ Kai ̄
gar ̄Lamulaꎬ 3 300-3 400 mꎬ 15. Sept. 1989ꎬ R F.
Huang CG ̄89 ̄517 ( HNWP)ꎻ 3 500 mꎬ 29. Jul.
1983ꎬ XZ Plant Resources Exped. 3420 ( XZ)ꎻ
near Jiageꎬ 3 100 mꎬ 07. Aug. 1982ꎬ C C. Ni et al.
2803 (PEꎬ XZ)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 10. Jul. 1972ꎬ Xi ̄
zang Chinese Mater. Medic. & Herbs Exped. 3635
(HNWPꎬ PE)ꎻ Bagarꎬ 3 200 mꎬ 25. Aug. 1974ꎬ
Qinghai ̄Xizang Exped. 74 ̄1947 (KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ Bag ̄
arꎬ Nangouꎬ 3 070-3 300 mꎬ 28. Jul. 1975ꎬ Qing ̄
hai ̄Xizang Suppl. Exped. 750962 (PE)ꎻ Mt Nong ̄
houꎬ Babuꎬ 3 100 mꎬ 29. Jul. 1974ꎬ Qinghai ̄Xi ̄
zang Exped. 74 - 3713 (KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ Near Pakaꎬ
Kulu Phu Chuꎬ 29°15′Nꎬ 94°25′Eꎬ 29. Jul. 1938ꎬ
F. Ludlowꎬ G. Sherriff & G. Taylor 5999 (BM)ꎻ
Lushaꎬ 29° 30′ Nꎬ 94° 30′ Eꎬ 2 900 mꎬ 01. Oct.
1947ꎬ F. Ludlowꎬ G. Sherriff & H H. Elliot 13292
(BM)ꎻ Tsangbo Valleyꎬ 2 740-3 050 mꎬ 28. Jul.
1924ꎬ F. Kingdon ̄Ward 6030 ( BM)ꎻ Nyingchi:
Hougouqiaoꎬ 3 400-3 600 mꎬ 08. Aug. 1983ꎬ P S.
Liꎬ C C. Ni & S Z. Cheng 06237 (PE)ꎻ SE of Ny ̄
ingchiꎬ Hou Shanꎬ 3 100 mꎬ 14. Oct. 1960ꎬ G X.
Fu 696 (PE)ꎻ near Naixi Pharmaceutical Factoryꎬ
3 200 mꎬ mixed forestsꎬ 04. Aug. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiao
& G C. Xia 2431 (KUN)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 3 200 mꎬ
29. Jul. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiaoꎬ G C. Xia & T K. Mi
2338 (KUN)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 3 200 mꎬ among herbsꎬ
28. Jul. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiaoꎬ G C. Xia & T K. Mi
2311 ( KUN)ꎻ Naixiꎬ 3 100 mꎬ 02. Aug. 1965ꎬ
Y T. Chang & K Y. Lang 1232 (PE)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ
31. Jul. 1965ꎬ Y T. Chang & K Y. Lang 1187
(KUNꎬ PE)ꎻ Jomugouꎬ 3 500 mꎬ thickets at edges
of Abies forestsꎬ 09. Aug. 1983ꎬ XZ Plant Re ̄
sources Exped. 3523 (XZ)ꎻ Lulongꎬ 3 050 mꎬ a ̄
mong herbsꎬ 26. Jul. 1965ꎬ P G. Xiaoꎬ G C. Xia
& T K. Mi 2308 (KUN)ꎻ Shoga Dzongꎬ 30°0′Nꎬ
93°45′Eꎬ 3 200 mꎬ F. Ludlowꎬ G. Sherriff & H H.
7823期 HONG De ̄Yuan: Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from
Elliot 14156 (BM)ꎻ Nambu Laꎬ 30°0′Nꎬ 94°30′Eꎬ
3 810 mꎬ 01. Sept. 1938ꎬ F. Ludlowꎬ G. Sherriff &
G. Taylor 6971 (BM). Temo Laꎬ 3 050-3 960 mꎬ
27. Jul. 1935ꎬ F Kingdon Ward 12059 (BM).
2 Codonopsis hemisphaerica P C. Tsoong ex D Y.
Hongꎬ sp. nov. Fig 2
Type: Chinaꎬ Sichuanꎬ Baoxingꎬ Puxigouꎬ 2 500
mꎬ 21ꎬ Jul. 1954.ꎬ T P. Soong 39208 A (holotype:
Fig 2 Codonopsis hemisphaerica P C. Tsoong ex D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a. rootꎬ caudex and base of stemsꎻ b. stem with a terminal flowerꎬ showing reflexed calyxꎻ c. a flower with
corolla openedꎬ showing stamensꎬ discꎬ style and stigma
882 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
PEꎻ isotype: SZ).
Twining perennials. Roots carrot ̄shapedꎬ up to
2 5 cm in diameterꎬ branched or not. Stems over 1 m
longꎬ glabrous. Leaves on main stem alternateꎻ peti ̄
ole 1-2 7 cm longꎬ hispidulousꎻ leaf blade ovate or
ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ entireꎬ densely hispidulous on both
surfaces 2 5-5 cm longꎬ 1 5-3 cm wideꎬ base cor ̄
dateꎬ truncate to roundedꎻ those on branches simi ̄
larꎬ but smaller. Flowers solitaryꎬ terminal on main
stems and branchesꎻ pedicel 0 5-4 5 cm longꎬ gla ̄
brous. Calyx tube hemisphericꎬ adnate entirely to
hypanthiumꎬ glabrousꎬ 10 ̄ribbedꎻ calyx lobes trian ̄
gular ̄lanceolateꎬ widest at baseꎬ entireꎬ 8-10 mm
longꎬ 4-6 mm wideꎬ glabrousꎬ reflexed since anthe ̄
sis. Corolla campanulateꎬ whiteꎬ glabrousꎬ 2 8 cm
longꎻ corolla deeply dividedꎬ lobes as long as tubeꎬ
triangular. Stamens glabrousꎻ filaments slightly dilatedꎬ
equal to anthers in length. Style as high as stamensꎬ
stigma 3 ̄fidꎬ stigma lobes oblong. Fruit unknown.
Phenology: flowering in July and August.
Habitats: thickets or forestsꎻ 1 000-2 500 m.
Distribution: endemic to W Sichuan of China.
The new species resembles Codonopsis pilosula
very muchꎬ particularly in habit and leaves. Actual ̄
lyꎬ many specimens cited below has been identified
as the latter species. Howeverꎬ it differs from the lat ̄
ter in having corolla white (vs. green)ꎬ deeply di ̄
vided with corolla lobes as long as tubeꎬ ovary infe ̄
rior to both calyx and corollaꎬ and calyx lobes en ̄
tirely reflexed even since anthesis.
Additional specimens examined. CHINAꎬ
SICHUANꎬ Baoxing: s. loc.ꎬ 1954ꎬ T P. Soong 39326
(PE)ꎻ Yongxingꎬ 2 450 mꎬ forestsꎬ 01. Aug. 1954ꎬ
T P. Soong 39324 ( SZ)ꎻ s. loc.ꎬ 30 Jul. 1954ꎬ
T P. Soong 39324A (KUNꎬ SZ)ꎻ Ganyang Xiao ̄
gouꎬ 2 400 mꎬ 01. Sept. 1936ꎬ K L. Chu 3770 (SZ)ꎻ
Tú ̄pa ̄kouꎬ 2 130 mꎬ Jul.  ̄Aug.ꎬ 1939ꎬ S Y. Hu
1260 (Kꎬ SZ). Ebian: Heizhugouꎬ 1 000 mꎬ 03.
Aug. 2007ꎬ X J. He et al. 151494 (SZ). Ganluo:
Sizuꎬ forestsꎬ 05. Aug. 1959ꎬ s. coll. 4433 ( PEꎬ
SZ). Hongxi: Leiwuꎬ 2 300 mꎬ thicketsꎬ fl. whiteꎬ
31. Jul. 1959ꎬ Sichuan Econ. Plant Resources Surv.
(Liang) 1509 (PE). Leibo: Huanglangꎬ 2 000 mꎬ
bamboo thicketsꎬ 09. Aug. 1976ꎬ s. coll. 13424
(PEꎬ SZ). Pingwu: Sier Townshipꎬ 2 300 mꎬ
thicketsꎬ 28. aug. 1958ꎬ H L. Tsiang 11051 (PEꎬ
SZ). Wenchuan: Fengyiꎬ 1 800 m. thicketsꎬ 12.
Jul. 1963ꎬ S J. Yue & X Y. Tang 63-13 (PE).
3 Codonopsis reflexa D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov. Fig 3
Type: Nepalꎬ Nr. Dogadi Kholaꎬ 3 960 mꎬ 11.
Aug. 1954ꎬ Staintonꎬ Sykes & Williams 3822 (holo ̄
type: PE).
Herbs perennialꎬ grabrous throughout except
filaments and style. Roots unknown. Stems twiningꎬ
over 1 m longꎬ branched at the upper part. Leaves
all alternateꎬ long ̄petiolateꎻ petiole 1 5-4 cm longꎻ
leaf blade ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ 2 5-7 5 cm longꎬ 1 2-
4 cm broadꎬ base cordateꎬ apex acute or obtuseꎬ
margin serrate or createꎻ those on branches much
smaller and rounded at base. Flowers terminal on
main stem and major branches. Calyx adnate to hy ̄
panthiumꎻ calyx tube obdeltoidꎻ calyx lobes ovate ̄
lanceolateꎬ 1 4-1 6 cm longꎬ 0 6-0 8 cm broadꎬ
apex acuminateꎬ broadest part at low ̄middleꎬ strong ̄
ly reflexed. Corolla funnel ̄shapedꎬ deep blue with
reddish ring near baseꎬ 2 1-4 7 cm longꎬ about 2-
4 cm broadꎬ deeply divided to over 3 / 5ꎻ lobes ovate ̄
lanceolateꎬ 1 3-2 9 cm longꎬ apex acute. Filaments
5 mm longꎬ dilated at baseꎬ dilated part villose ̄cili ̄
ateꎻ anthers 6-7 mm long. Stigma 3 or 2 ̄fidꎻ stigma
lobes broad ̄elliptic. Fruit not seen.
Phenology: flowering in August and September.
Habitats: climbing upon shrubs and tall herbsꎻ
3 500-4 000 m.
Distribution: Central Nepal.
Notes: The new species is rather similar to
Codonopsis rotundifolia in habit with twining stemsꎬ
long petioleꎬ and large and ovate or ovate ̄lanceolate
leaf blade. Howeverꎬ it differs distinctly from the lat ̄
ter in having corolla deeply divided to over 3 / 5ꎬ ca ̄
lyx lobes reflexedꎬ and filaments villose ̄ciliate at the
dilated basal part.
Additional specimen examinedꎬ NEPALꎬ Kali
9823期 HONG De ̄Yuan: Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from
Kandaki Tal ( SW Tukucha)ꎬ 3 500 mꎬ 02. Sept.
1967ꎬ H J. Lange 61 (B).
4 Codonopsis campanulata D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
Fig 4
Type: Nepalꎬ Marsyandi Valleyꎬ Annapumaꎬ
slopes opposite Bragaꎬ Jul. 1989ꎬ C. Grey ̄Wilson s.
n. (holotype: K).
Perennial herbs. Roots unknown. Stems ascen ̄
ding or procubentꎬ not twiningꎬ 50-80 cm longꎬ slen ̄
derꎬ sparsely villousꎬ with very slender and sterile
branches at lower and middle parts. Leaves evenly
Fig 3 Codonopsis reflexa D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a & b. habitꎻ c. an opened corollaꎻ d. a stamenꎬ showing dilated and densely hairy base
092 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
Fig 4 Codonopsis campanulata D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a. Lower part of stemꎻ b. middle and upper parts of stemꎻ c. a flower with corolla openedꎬ showing stamensꎬ discꎬ style and stigmaꎻ d. a stamen
1923期 HONG De ̄Yuan: Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from
distributedꎬ alternate on main stemsꎬ those on bran ̄
ches nearly oppositeꎻ leaves at base very smallꎬ
scalyꎬ those at middle and upper normalꎻ petiole 2-
5 mm longꎬ villonsꎻ leaf blade orbicular or ovate ̄or ̄
bicularꎬ 1 5-3 cm longꎬ 1 5-2 5 cm wideꎬ base
more or less cordateꎬ apex obtuse or acuteꎬ margin
entire or shallowly crenulateꎬ sparsely hispidulous on
both surfaces. Flowers solitaryꎬ terminal on main
stemꎻ pedicel over 10 cm longꎬ villous. Calyx tube
adnate to whole hypanthiumꎬ and thus calyx lobes
and corolla inserted at same positionꎻ calyx tube
densely villousꎻ calyx lobes lanceolateꎬ 1 - 1 4 cm
longꎬ 4-5 mm wideꎬ entireꎬ villous an abaxial sideꎬ
recurved towards middle riv. Corolla campanulateꎬ
1 8-2 2 cm longꎬ lobed to ca. 1 / 3ꎬ with a red ̄pur ̄
ple ring below throatꎻ corolla lobes deltoidꎬ 6-8 mm
longꎬ sparsely hispidulous outside. Stamens gla ̄
brousꎻ filaments slightly dilated at baseꎬ ca. 7 mm
longꎻ anthers ca. 8 mm long. Disc presentꎬ ring ̄
likeꎬ but broadened between stamens. Stigma 3 ̄fidꎬ
stigma segments broad ̄oblong. Fruit unknown.
Phenology: flowering in July.
Notes: The new species resembles the most
Codonopsis foetens Hook. f. & Thomson in having
campanulate corolla and sterile branchesꎬ but differs
from the latter in having larger and nearly evenly dis ̄
tributed leavesꎬ 1 5-3 cm long (vs. 0 5-1 5 cm)ꎬ
much longer stemsꎬ 50-80 cm long (vs. 20-40 cm)ꎬ
densely villous (vs. sparsely hispidulous) calyx tubeꎬ
and with a red ̄purple ring below the corolla throat
(vs. without such a ring).
5 Codonopsis lixianica D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov. Fig 5
Type: Chinaꎬ Sichuan (NW)ꎬ Lixian Countyꎬ
Mt. Huangtuliangꎬ 3 400 mꎬ 24. Jul. 1957ꎬ W K.
Hu & D Z Deng 1988 (holotype: SZ).
Herbs perennial. Roots carrot ̄shapedꎬ 5 mm in
diameter. Stems erectꎬ simpleꎬ glabrousꎬ 35 cm tall.
Lower leaves nearly oppositeꎬ middle and upper ones
alternateꎻ petiole 4-10 mm longꎬ sparsely villousꎻ
leaf blade of lower leaves ovateꎬ those of middle and
upper ones long ̄ovate to ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ 1 6-6 3
cm longꎬ 1 8-3 2 cm wideꎬ base truncate to round ̄
edꎬ apex obtuse to acuteꎬ margin crenateꎬ adaxially
glabrousꎬ abaxially very sparsely white ̄hirsute. Flo ̄
wers solitaryꎬ terminal only on main stemꎬ or also on
small branchesꎻ a pair of leaves on small branches
very smallꎬ like a pair of bracteoles. Calyx tube ad ̄
nate to whole hypanthiumꎬ 10 ̄ribbedꎬ glabrousꎻ ca ̄
lyx lobes inserted at the same position as corollaꎬ
ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ acute at apexꎬ widest at middle ̄
lower partꎬ 11 mm longꎬ 7 mm wideꎬ sparsely white ̄
hispidulous above. Corolla campanulateꎬ purple or blueꎬ
glabrousꎬ 1 8 cm longꎬ 1 5 cm broadꎻ corolla lobes
deltoid ̄ovateꎬ 8 mm longꎬ 10 mm wide. Disc annu ̄
larꎬ yellow. Filaments glabrousꎬ slightly dilated at
lower partꎬ 7 mm longꎻ anthers 4 mm long.
Notes: Only one specimen with two stems is
foundꎬ so that we use this specimen as the type for
describing a new species with reservation. Howeverꎬ
it is so distinct with erect and simple stemsꎬ evenly
distributed leavesꎬ and dark purple corolla that it
does not resemble any other species.
6 Codonopsis elliptica D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov. Fig 6
Type: Chinaꎬ Sichuanꎬ Beichuan Countyꎬ Jian ̄
she Communeꎬ Heshangtouꎬ 3 800 mꎬ sunny slopesꎬ
fl. purpleꎬ 09. Aug. 1978ꎬ Beichuan Exped. 0383
(holotype: SMꎻ isotype: PE).
Perennial herbs. Roots carrot ̄shapedꎬ over 15
cm longꎬ ca. 1 3 cm in diameter. Stems several from
one caudexꎬ erectꎬ 20-35 cm tallꎬ sparsely to rather
densely villousꎬ simpleꎬ without any branches.
Leaves at base scaly or much smaller than normal
onesꎬ lower and middle leaves opposite or nearly op ̄
positeꎬ upper ones alternateꎬ sessile or with a short
petiole up to 5 mm longꎻ petiole glabrous or sparsely
villousꎻ leaf blade ellipticꎬ less frequently ovate ̄lan ̄
ceolateꎬ uppermost ones sometimes linear ̄ellipticꎬ 3
-6 cm longꎬ 0 8 - 2 cm wideꎬ adaxially glabrousꎬ
abaxially sparsely hirsute along veins or totally gla ̄
brousꎬ base cuneateꎬ apex obtuse or acuteꎬ margin
entire or slightly crenulate. Flowers solitary and
terminal. Calyx tube adnate to whole hypanthiumꎬ
292 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
Fig 5 Codonopsis lixianica D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a. rootꎬ caudex and stem baseꎻ b. stem with a terminal flower and a flower budꎻ c. a flower with
corolla openedꎬ showing stamensꎬ discꎬ style and stigma
3923期 HONG De ̄Yuan: Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from
Fig 6 Codonopsis elliptica D Y. Hongꎬ sp. nov.
a. rootꎬ caudex and stem baseꎻ b. stem with a terminal flowerꎬ showing shape of corollaꎻ c. a flower with corolla openedꎬ
showing stamensꎬ discꎬ upper part of ovaryꎬ style and stigma
492 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
glabrousꎬ hemisphericꎬ calyx lobes inserted at same
position as corollaꎬ narrow ̄triangularꎬ or lanceolateꎬ
5- 7 mm longꎬ 4 - 4 mm wideꎬ glabrous or very
sparsely hispidulous at apex. Corolla blue or purpleꎬ
tubular ̄campanulateꎬ tubular belowꎬ campanulate a ̄
boveꎬ glabrousꎬ 2-3 4 cm longꎬ lobed to 1 / 3-2 / 5ꎻ
lobes orbicularꎬ 1 1 cm longꎬ 1 2 cm broad. Disc
present. Stamens glabrousꎬ filaments slightly dilated
at baseꎬ ca. 6 mm longꎻ anthers ca. 4 mm long. Stig ̄
ma 3 ̄fidꎻ stigma lobes orbicular. Fruit unknown.
Phenology: flowering in July and August.
Habitats: alpine meadows or forestsꎻ ca. 3 800m.
Distribution: endemic to Sichuan of Chinaꎻ
confined to N Sichuan.
Notes: The new species is confined to a narrow
area in northern Sichuan. It is distinctly different
from all other speciesꎬ and resembles only C bulley ̄
ana in form of corollaꎬ which is shortly tubular be ̄
lowꎬ but suddenly becomes rotate above. Howeverꎬ
in C bulleyana the stem is with many slenderꎬ ster ̄
ile and pinnate ̄like branchesꎬ and leaves much
smallerꎬ 1-1 8 cm long.
Additional specimens examinedꎬ CHINAꎬ
SICHUANꎬ Pingwu: Huyaꎬ Dugaiꎬ forestsꎬ fl. blueꎬ
24. Aug. 1978ꎬ Miandi Exped. 401 (SM)ꎻ Huyaꎬ
Damachangꎬ meadowsꎬ fl. blueꎬ 16. Jul. 1978ꎬ Ping ̄
wu Exped. 458 (SM).
7 Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels ex Kom. subsp.
megaphylla D Y. Hongꎬ subsp. nov.
Type: Chinaꎬ Sichuanꎬ Hongya Countyꎬ Hongya
Forest Farmꎬ Tuanbao Shanꎬ 2 800 mꎬ meadowsꎬ
20. Jul. 1994ꎬ W K. Bao et al. 3165 ( holotype:
CDBI [0141276]ꎻ isotype: CDBI [0141275]).
Stems climbing or ascendingꎬ but usually pro ̄
cumbentꎬ 50-100 cm long. Leaves 3-4 7 cm longꎬ
2-4 5 cm wide. Flowers terminal not only on main
stems and upper branchesꎬ but also on lower bran ̄
ches. Corolla purple red.
Phenology: flowering in July and August.
Habitats: forests or meadowsꎻ 2 300-2 800 m.
Distribution: found only in Sichuan Province.
Notes: The subspecies megaphylla differs from
the typical subspecies in having leaves largerꎬ stems
longerꎬ procumbentꎬ nearly twining at the upper
partꎬ and corolla entirely glabrous. It may merit spe ̄
cific rank.
Additional specimens examinedꎬ CHINAꎬ
SICHUANꎬ Hongyaꎬ Hongya Forest Farmꎬ Dazhong ̄
ganꎬ 2 300 mꎬ 21. Jul. 1995ꎬ W. K. Bao et al. 3308
(CDBI)ꎻ loc. eodemꎬ 2 400 mꎬ 21. Jul. 1995ꎬ W.
K. Bao et al. 3309 (CDBI).
Acknowledgements: The present author is grateful to Dr.
WANG Qiang and Mr. MA Xin ̄Tang for their assistance in
field work. I thank curators of the herbaria Bꎬ Kꎬ SM and SZ
for their providing me with the specimens on loan.
References:
Fletcher HRꎬ 1950. Codonopsis rotundifolia var. angustifolia (Cam ̄
panulacear) [J] . Botanical Magazineꎬ 167: 131
Hong DYꎬ Lammers TGꎬ Klein LLꎬ 2011. Codonopsis [A]. In: Wu
ZYꎬ Raven RHꎬ Hong DYꎬ Flora of China [M]. Beijing: Sci ̄
ence Press & St. Louis: Missouri Botanic Garden Pressꎬ 19:
513—526
5923期 HONG De ̄Yuan: Six New Species and One New Subspecies of Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from