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A revision of Clematis sect. Pterocarpa (Ranunculaceae)

铁线莲属翅果铁线莲组修订(英文)



全 文 :  Guihaia  Jun. 2016ꎬ 36 (增刊 1): 27-30
http: / / journal.gxzw.gxib.cn
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【原文刊载】 “铁线莲属翅果铁线莲组修订(英文)”已发表于«广西植物»ꎬ 2006ꎬ 26(4): 341-344.
A revision of Clematis sect. Pterocarpa
(Ranunculaceae)
WANG Wen ̄Tsai
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Institute of
Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China )
Abstract: Clematis sect. Pterocarpa is revised in this paper. Brief taxonomic historyꎬdescriptionꎬand illustration of the
monotypic section with its only speciesꎬC. brachyuraꎬare givenꎬand the origin of it is briefly discussed.
Key words: Clematisꎬ sect. Pterocarpaꎬ Ranunculaceaeꎬ taxonomic revision
CLC number: Q949􀆰 7    Document code: A    Article ID: 1000 ̄3142(2016)增刊 1 ̄0027 ̄04
铁线莲属翅果铁线莲组修订
王文采
( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093 )
摘  要: 对毛茛科铁线莲属(Clematis)中单型的翅果铁线莲组(sect. Pterocarpa)进行了分类学修订ꎬ写出了此
组及其惟一种ꎬ翅果铁线莲(C. brachyura)的分类学简史和形态描述ꎬ给出此种的插图ꎮ 根据其体态及花构造
近似亚洲东部的辣蓼铁线莲(C. mandshurica Rupr.)和圆锥铁线莲(C. terniflora DC.)[二种均为威灵仙组(sect.
Clematis)的成员]ꎬ推测翅果铁线莲可能源自威灵仙组ꎮ
关键词: 铁线莲属ꎬ 翅果铁线莲组ꎬ 毛茛科ꎬ 分类学修订
    In 1867ꎬon the basis of probably one Korean flow ̄
ering specimenꎬ Oldham 7ꎬ Miquel described a new
form under Clematis paniculata Thunb.( =C. terniflora
DC. —Wangꎬ2003)ꎬgiving no morphological descrip ̄
tion and seeming to use the formal epithet‘pauciflora’
as the diagnostic character for this form. Ten years later
in 1877ꎬprobably noticing that this new plant was char ̄
acterized by having few carpels per flowerꎬshort stylesꎬ
and broadly winged achenesꎬ and distinctly different
from C. paniculataꎬMaximowicz raised this form to spe ̄
cific rankꎬand renamed it as C. brachyuraꎬnot using
the original formal epithet‘pauciflora’ due to the then
existense of a specific name C. pauciflora Nutt.
(1840)ꎬwhich represents a species endemic in south ̄
western North America(Wangꎬ2004).He paid particu ̄
lar attention to the curious feature of the short style
(whence the specific epithet)ꎬand compared the new
species with C. cadmia Buch. ̄Ham. ex Hook. f. &
Thoms.ꎬbelonging to sect. Viticella and characterized
also by having short stylesꎬand placed it in sect. Viti ̄
收稿日期: 2006 ̄03 ̄20    修回日期: 2006 ̄05 ̄10
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(30470126)[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30470126)]ꎮ
作者简介: 王文采(1926 ̄)ꎬ男ꎬ研究员ꎬ中国科学院院士ꎬ著名植物分类学家ꎬ长期从事有花植物分类学研究ꎮ
cella. In Kuntze’ s monograph ( 1885)ꎬC. brachyura
was treated as one of the subspecies under C. recta L.ꎬ
an ally of C. terniflora DC. ꎬprobably according to the
erect habit and the more or less similar floral structure.
In Prantl’s classification of ClematisꎬC. brachyura was
not included. Afterwardsꎬ this species was described
two times as new by Palibin in 1898 and by Nakai in
1912. In 1955ꎬ on the basis of C. brachyura with u ̄
nique broadly winged achenesꎬ Tamura established a
new monotypic section Pterocarpaꎬ placed near sect.
Flammula and sect. Viticellaꎬand this new section was
unanimously accepted by later students of Clematis
( Snoeijerꎬ 1992ꎻ Johnsonꎬ 1997ꎻ Grey ̄Wilsonꎬ 2000ꎻ
Wang & Liꎬ2005).
In habit and floral structureꎬC. brachyura shows
resemblance to C. mandshurica Rupr.and C. terniflora
DC. ꎬdiffering from the latters mainly in its short style
and broadly winged achenesꎬwhich may result from the
adaptation to wind dispersal of fruit.On account of pos ̄
sessing such curious advanced morphological charac ̄
tersꎬ C. brachyura is distinctly more advanced than
themꎬ and might be derived from sect. Clematisꎬ to
which C. mandshurica and C. terniflora belong(Wangꎬ
2003ꎻWang & Liꎬ2005).
Clematis L. sect. Pterocarpa Tamura in Sci.Rep.
Osaka Univ. 4:50. 1955ꎻ in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 16
(2):80.1956ꎻin Sci.Rep.Osaka Univ.16:34.1967ꎻin
Acta Phytotax.Geobot.38:43.1987ꎻet in HiepkoꎬNat.
Pflanzenfam.ꎬZwei. Aufl.ꎬ17a(4):385. 1995ꎻSnoeijer
in Clematis 1992:18. 1992ꎻM. JohnsonꎬKlematis 649.
1997ꎻGrey ̄WilsonꎬClematis 125. 2000ꎻW. T.Wang in
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 473. 2005. Type: C. brachyura
Maxim.
Perennials with erect stemsꎬwoody at base. Seed ̄
ling leaves unknown (Essigꎬ1991). Leaves oppositeꎬ
pinnateꎬ ternateꎬ or simpleꎬ entire. Flowers bisexualꎬ
smallꎬ in 1 - 5 ̄flowered terminal and axillary cymes.
Sepals 4( - 6)ꎬspreadingꎬwhiteꎬoblanceolateꎬoutside
on margin velutinous. Stamens numerousꎬglabrousꎻfila ̄
ments linearꎻ anthers narrow ̄oblongꎬ apex obtuse or
minutely apiculate. Carpels 3 - 6ꎻ ovaries densely ap ̄
pressed ̄puberulousꎻ styles shortꎬ subulateꎬ glabrous or
near base puberulous. Achenes strongly compressedꎬ
broadly wingedꎻ persistent styles shortꎬ subulateꎬ near
base appressed ̄puberulousꎬelsewhere glabrous.
One speciesꎬendemic to Korea.
Clematis brachyura Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci.
St.  ̄Petersb. 22:221. 1877ꎻ et in Mél. Biol. 9:598.
1877ꎻForb. & Hemsl. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 2.
1886ꎻPalibin in Acta Hort. Petrop. 17:11. 1898ꎻNa ̄
kai in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 26:11. 1909ꎻChongꎬ
Ill. Man. Korean Trees & Shrubs 187ꎬfig. 279. 1943ꎻ
T. B. LeeꎬIll. Fl. Korea 344ꎬfig. 1375. 1979ꎻY. N.
LeeꎬFl. Korea 163ꎬfig. 474. 1996ꎻM. JohnsonꎬKlema ̄
tis 649. 1997ꎻ Grey ̄Wilsonꎬ Clematis 125. 2000ꎻ
Toomey & Leedsꎬ Ill. Encycl. Clematis 136. 2001.
———C. paniculata Thunb. f. pauciflora Miq. ꎬ Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd.  ̄Bat. 3:1. 1867. ———C. recta L. ssp.
brachyura (Maxim. )Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand.
26:114. 1885. Type:Koreaꎬ1867ꎬOldham 7 ( holo ̄
typeꎬ? LꎻisotypesꎬGH!ꎬK!ꎬLE!ꎬPE!ꎬS!).
C. spectabilis Palibin in Acta Hort. Petrop. 17:12.
1898ꎻNakai in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 26:9. 1909.
Type: Korea. Kyong ̄kwiꎬprope Seoulꎬ1886 ̄05ꎬKali ̄
nowsky s. n. (holotypeꎬLE!).
C. oligantha Nakai in Matsum.ꎬIc. Pl. Koisikov.
1:95ꎬt. 48. 1912. Type specimen not designated.
C. brachyura Maxim. var. hexasepala Y. N. Lee in
Korea J. Bot. 25:177. 1982ꎻet Fl. Korea 163ꎬfig. 475.
1996ꎻM. JohnsonꎬKlematis 650. 1997. Type:Korea.
Chungbuk: Choryongꎬ 1974 ̄06 ̄10ꎬ Y. N. Lee s. n.
(holotypeꎬnot seen).
Stem 50-100 cm tallꎬsimple or branchedꎬ10-20 ̄
sulcateꎬglabrous or on nodes sparsely pilose. Leaves 5 ̄
foliolately pinnateꎬ ternateꎬ or simpleꎻ leaflet or leaf
blade thickly paperyꎬ ovateꎬ broadly ovateꎬ deltoidꎬ or
ellipticꎬ(2-)3.5-8×(1.2-)1􀆰 8-5 cmꎬapex acute or
obtuseꎬoften mucronateꎬ base roundedꎬ broadly cune ̄
ateꎬtruncateꎬor subcordateꎬmargin entireꎬadaxial sur ̄
face on basal veins sparsely puberulousꎬ glabrescentꎬ
abaxial surface subglabrousꎬdistinctly reticulateꎬbasal
veins prominentꎻpetioles 2.2-5.4 cm long. Cymes ter ̄
minal and axillaryꎬ1-5 ̄floweredꎻpeduncles 1.5-9 cm
longꎻbracts foliaceous or smallꎬlinearꎬca.1.2 mm long.
Flower 1.6-2.5 cm in diam.ꎻpedicel 0.2-4 cm longꎬ
glabrous.Sepals 4(-6)ꎬoblanceolateꎬ9-15×3-5 mmꎬ
82 广  西  植  物                                      36卷
Fig. 1  Clematis brachyura Maxim.
A. Upper part of flowering stemꎻ B. Stamenꎻ C. Carpel( from Oldham 7)ꎻ D. Achene(from Jack s.n.) .(Drawn by SUN Ying ̄Bao)
92增刊 1                          王文采: 铁线莲属翅果铁线莲组修订
on both surfaces glabrousꎬ outside on margin veluti ̄
nousꎬapex acuteꎬoften mucronate. Stamens 15-30ꎬ2.5
-6 mm longꎬglabrousꎻanthers narrowly oblongꎬ1. 5 -
2.8 mm longꎬapex obtuse or minutely apiculate. Car ̄
pels 3-6ꎬ3-4 mm longꎻovaries narrowly ovoidꎬ2-2.8
mm longꎬ densely appressed ̄puberulousꎻ styles subu ̄
lateꎬ1.2-3 mm ongꎬglabrous or near base puberulous.
Achenes strongly compressedꎬ broadly obovate or ob ̄
liquely broadly ellipticꎬ8-11×6-8 mmꎬvery sparsely
puberulousꎬbroadly wingedꎻpersistent styles 2 - 3 mm
long.Fl.from summer to early autumn.
S Korea. In grassyꎬ gravelly places or in sparse
forestsꎻup to 300 m in elevation.
Additional specimens examined.Korea.Chemulpoꎬ
Carles 54ꎬ76(K)ꎻChinampoꎬFaurie 12(GꎬP)ꎻHan ̄
ciayꎬSchmidt s. n. ( LE)ꎻ Kangwonꎬ Sungil Bridgeꎬ
Chung Yung ̄ho & Kang Young ̄moo s.n.(US)ꎻKyong ̄
gi ̄doꎬSuwonꎬNakajima s. n. (NAS)ꎻLake Mikko ̄uraꎬ
Umi ̄Kongoꎬ Kongo ̄sanꎬ Beathie & Kurihara 10223
(US)ꎻ Seoul:Mt. Kwanak ̄sanꎬH. N. Qin et al. 17925
(PE)ꎻYong WeolꎬHagman et al.251(UPS)ꎻwithout
precise localityꎬ Faurie 14 ( G)ꎬ Law 7 ( P )ꎬ Oldham
1057(G)ꎬPerry 29(GHꎬK)ꎬSchmidt 89ꎬ248(LE).
    From the herbarium material cited above it can be
seen that in C. brachyuraꎬ the flowers are usually 4 ̄
sepalled. Howeverꎬ sometimes 5 - 6 ̄sepalled flowers
may be observed. For exampleꎬin a plant of Oldham 7ꎬ
deposited in GHꎬone flower is 5 ̄sepalledꎬwhile other
ones 4 ̄sepalledꎬand in Faurie 12ꎬdeposited in Pꎬthe
terminal flower of a terminal 3 ̄flowered cyme has six
sepalsꎬwhile the two lateral flowers have four sepals
each. Soꎬthe sepal number per flower in this species is
variable from four to sixꎬand the variety hexasepalaꎬde ̄
scribed according to sepal numberꎬcan not be recog ̄
nized.
Acknowledgements  I am grateful to the direc ̄
tors and curators of GꎬGHꎬKꎬLEꎬNASꎬPꎬSꎬUPS and
US for kindly inviting me to visit their herbariaꎻto LI
Liang ̄qianꎬZHANG Zhi ̄Yunꎬand BAN Qin for various
kinds of help during the preparation of the present revi ̄
sionꎻand to SUN Ying ̄Bao for making the drawing.
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03 广  西  植  物                                      36卷