全 文 ：广 西 植 物 Guihaia 31(1)：14— 19 2011年 1月
DOI：10．3969flj．issn．1000～3142．2011．01．004
假瘤蕨属(水龙骨科)植物鳞片特征的分类学意义
邵 文1，陆树刚1 * ’ 商清春2
(1．云南大学 地植物学与生态学研究所，昆明 650091；2．牡丹江医学院 影像系，黑龙江 牡丹江 157011)
摘 要 ：光镜下比较研究 了假瘤蕨属(水龙骨科)2系、5亚系 36种植物鳞片的显微特征 。结果表明：该属植物
的鳞片具有 3种形状 ：卵状盾形、卵状钻形和披针形；3种边缘 ：全缘、微缘毛及纤维状毛。鳞片特征在系间具
有一定的区别：不裂系具有卵状钻形或卵状盾形、全缘或具微缘毛的鳞片；羽裂系具有卵状盾形和披针形的鳞
片，边缘以具微缘毛及纤维状毛为主。鳞片的形状及边缘具有一定的对应关系。另外，鳞片的边缘与叶片的
边缘也有一定的对应关系。该文研究并图示了这两种对应关系。
关键词 ：水龙骨科；假瘤蕨属 ；鳞片特征
CLC Number：Q942 Document Code：A Article ID：1000—3142(2011)Ol一0014—06
rn - - ●一‘ n laxononUc siRnilicance otscale characteristics in
the fern genus Phymatop teris(Polypodiaceae)
SHAO Wen ，LU Shu-GangI ，SHANG Qing-Chunz
(1．Institute of Ecology and Geobotany，Yunnan University，Kunming 650091，China；2．Department
of Physics，Mudanjiang Medical Colege，Mudanjiang 157011，China)
Abstract：Characters of scales of 36 species，representing 2 series and 5 subseries of the genus Phymatopteris(Polypo—
diaceae)，are examined by means of light microscopy．There are three types of seale shapes in this genus：ovate-pel—
tate，ovate-subulate and lanceolate．Also three types of scale margin are presented：entire，ciliolate and fimbriate．
Scales characters are diferent between the series：the ovate-subulate or ovate-pelt．ate scales with entire or ciliolate
margin often occur in simple series I；while the ovate-peltate and lanceolate scales with ciliate or fimbriate in margin u—
sually present in pinnatifid series I．The correlations among the shape and margin of the scale and between the mar—
gins of blade and scale were found．At last，these two correlations were discussed and illustrated．
Key words：Polypodiaceae；Ph3qnatopteris；scale characters
Phymatopteris was established by Piehi sermolli
in 1973，to replace the ilegal narD．e of Phymatopsis J．
Srrfith in 1875。 It is a natural taxon，including more
than 60 species，the majority of which are from the ma—
inland of Asia and epiphytic or terraphytic on the ever—
green broad-leaved forest．It was confused with M i—
crosorum，Crypsinus and Selliguea by Copeland
(1947)，Holttum(1954)and Hovenkamp(1998)．Ching
(1964)treated Phymatopsis as a separated genus．In
fact。there were several characteristics that can be used
to distinguish these four genera(Shao＆ Lu，2009)．
Ching(1964)recognized 2 series and 5 subsefies
within Phymatopteris based on characteristics of the
frond shape and the frond margin：simple series I
(Hastatae Ching)，including entire subseries 1(Grif—
fithianae Ching)and notch subseries 2(Hastatae Ch-
ing)，and pinnatifid series II(Oxylobae Ching)，inclu—
ding entire subseries 3(Oxylobae Ching)，notch sub—
series 4(Ebenipedes Ching)and se
．
rrate subseries 5
(Malacodontes Ching)．
Received date；2010—04—18 Accepted date：2010—10-08
Foundation items：Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770164)
Biography：SHAO Wen(1979一)，Ph．D，female，mainly engaged in Systematic Taxonomy of Ferns，(E-mail)shaowen19792005@163．com
Author for corespondence，E-mail；shuganglu@163．com
邵文等 ：似瘤蕨属(水尼骨科)植物鳞片特征的分类学意义 15
The characters of scale：shape and margin are of
potential taxonomical importance，and thus have been
utilized for intergeneric or infrageneric taxonomic seg—
regations，especialy in the Polypodiaceous genera． Ac
tually，there are some correlations among the scale
shape and margin in ferns． However，few researches
were made in this aspect．
Species in Ptymatopteris have one of three scale
shapes and three scale marginal types．Because of this，
it is a good genus tO study the correlations of these
character states．The aims of this study arc to analyze
the characters of scales of Phymatopteris and tO search
the correlation betw n th h I ra ters．
1 Materials and methods
36 specimens of Ph ynlut()pleri in P U and PE
were chosen as materials(1~ble 1)．The scale(Oil the
rhizome)shape and margin，and the margin of blade
were checked and compared hy the light microscopy．
2 Results and analysis
There are four types of blade margins in Phy
matopteris：entire，notched，shalowly serrate， and
sharply biserrate．Also，three types of scale margin ex
ist in Phymatopteris：entire，ciliolate，and fimbriate．
There are three types of scale shapes：ovate-peltate，
ovate-subulate and lanceolate．The taxa are in the se—
quence of the series and the subseries of Ching(1 964)．
All the results are shown in the Table 2．
Scale shape-Three types of scale shapes：ovat【 su—
hulate，ovatc~peltate and lanceolate are present in this
genus．Ovatesubulate scales occur in Ph mnt()pte
， 村f rJ户 Z “(Fig．1：d)，P．u，uliangshanensLs(Fig．1：
e)，P．oblongi[blia(Fig．1：h)，P．daclylina(Fig．1：i)
and P．hirtella(Fig．1：n)．Ovatc>peltate scales present
in P．1ikiangensis(Fig．1：1)，P．subebenipes(Fig．2：b)
and P．ebenipes(Fig．2：C)．Lanceolate scales are found
in P．cruelfOllglis(Fig．1：0)，P．eartilaginerserrata
(Fig．2：1)，P．stewartii(Fig．2：m)and P．nigropalea—
cea(Fig．2：n)．
Scale margin-Three types of scale margin exist in
Table l The locality information of scales
specimens in Ph Hnttl p r s
Phymatopteris：entire，ciliolate。and fimbriate． Entire
scale margin are found in P．dac’tylina(Fig．3：3)，P．
“^ ，z“ (Fig．3：4)and P．o~yloba(Fig．3：5)． Mar
gins with ciliates are present in P．1ikiangensis(Fig．3：
1)，P．Ct,~／C／fotrois(Fig．3：6)，P．malacodon(Fig．3：8)．
Fimbriate scale margins occur in P．kingpingensis(Fig．
3：2)，P．roseomarginata(Fig．3：7)and P．stewartii
16 广 西 植 物 31卷
P．omeiensis 十
P．engleri 十
1 P．yakushimensis 十
② P．rhynchophylla 十
P．ve~liangshanensis 十
P．tenuipes 十
P．oblongi{e)hn
P．dactylina 叶
P．hastdtn 十 十
③ P．o．ryloba 十
P．trisecta 4-
P．1ikiangensis + 十
P．pianmaensis 十
P．albopes 十
P．hirtella 十
P．daweishanensis 十
④ P．nigrovenia 十
P．cntaf01vnis 七
P．tibetana 十
U P．s“bebenipes + 十
P．ebenipP + +
P．kingpingensis + 4-
P．COllie,TO t-
P．crenalc’pinnata 十
P．shensiensis 十
P．strackeyi 十
P．conmixta 十
⑤ P．malacodon 十
P．COYli“ fm __
P．roseomarginata 十
P．cartilaginec~serrata __
P．stev-,artii __
P．nigropaleacea 十
P．glaucopsi s 二
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H ( asfⅡf“P(Thing)，lI=Pinnatifd Series II(O*’ylobae Ching)( entire subseries 3 LOxy 。ba LI 1“g ’ ～ “ “ n L”州“ ‘u ⋯ ““ ’
serrate subseries 5(M alacodontes Ching)．
(Fig．3：9)
3 Discussions
The sca1e characters were supported to have taxo
nomic importance． Correlations between the scgle
shape and margin，also between the margins of the
b1ade and scale are{ound in Phymatopteris．
(1)Three scale shapes：ovat~peltate．ovate-subu
late and laneeolate exist in Ph3 matopteris．W e differ
entiate the ovate-peltate to lanceolate scales by the pro—
D()rtion of length to wide(in the widest place)that if I
：W 主 2，the scale shape is ovate-peltate，otherwise is
lanceolate．There are three scale margins：entire，cilio
late and fimbriate present in this genus．W e examine
more than 3000 specimens of the 36 species in this ge—
nus，and draw the scales emphasizing the shapes and
the margins，and then choose 9 representative types


邵文等 ：假瘤蕨属(水龙骨科)植物鳞片特征的分类学意义 19
bulate or lanceolate in shape and ciliate or fimbriate
in margin,． Furthermore，these exceptions do not
deny the correlation between the shape and the
margin of the scale，for the most species in this ge—
nus support that correlation．
Fig．3 Shapes and margins of scales of Phymatopteris
A．-12．scale shape ovate-peltate；B．ovate-sub ujlate；C．1anceolate
1-9．scalemar lLn；3-5．entire；1，6，8．cilkohate；2，7，9．fimbfiate
1．P．1ikiangensis；2．P．kingpingensis；3．P．dactylina；4．P．hain—
anensis；5．P．oxyloba；6．P．crwiJbrmis；’．P．roseomarginata；8．
P．malacodon；9．P．stewartii,．
Fig． l The correlation between the margins
of frond and scale of P ^7nn￡0 ￡ r s．
(2)A correlation between the margins of blade
and scale is found．Entire scale margins often cor．一
relate with notched or entire frond blade margins；
ciliolate scale margins often correlate with shallow—
ly serrate blade margins，and fimbriate scale mar—
gins occur with biserrate blade margins．The dia—
gram interpreting the correlation among these two
margins is followed(Fig．4)．
Lam ina characters have been emphasized on
the past taxonomic studies． W e reveal that scale
characters also have some taxonomic importance
and more correlation to the blade characters,．More
than 3 500 specimens are examined in PYU，PE，
and KUN，and we beheved that the different char—
acters of scales cited in this paper are decided by
the genetic elements，rather than the environmental
modification．However，the scales of one species in
different environments and altitude maybe have
some diferentiates in morphology，but these are
not the main points effected the characters of scales
in this paper．Phymatopteris is a fern genus main—
ly distributed in the E．Asia and epiphytic or terra—
phytic on the evergreen broad—leaved forest，which
is from 2 000 m to more than 3 000 m in akitude．
The scale characters were also supported to have
some ecology signifcance to the environmental ad—
aptation．
Acknowledgement W e would like to thank
Prof．W ．M ．Chu(Herbarium of Yunnan Universi—
ty，PYU )and Dr．X．C．Zhang(Herbarium ，Institute
of Botany，Academia Sinica，PE)for providing ac—
cess to the specimens cited in this essay．The am—
thors also thank Prof．Jerry Li for helpful sugges—
tions and critical reading of the manuscript．
References：
Ching RC．1964．On the genera Ph3nnatopsis J．Sm．and Crypsimts
Presl[J]．Acta Phytotax Sin，9(2)：194
Copeland EB．1947．Genera Fi1icum[M]．Waltham：Chronica 13o—
tanica Company：205— 207
Holttum RE．1954．A Revised Flora of Malaya[M~．2nd ed．Sin—
gapore：Government Printing Otfiee：197
Hovenlkamp P．1998．An account of the Malay-Pacific spedes of
Selliguea(Polypodiaceae)口]．Blumea，43：57—58
Pichi Sermolh REG．1973．Phragmenta pteridologiaeⅣ (Phy—
matopterig)EJ]．Webbia，28(2)：464
Shao W ，Lu SG．2009．First recognition of the genus Crypsinus
(Polypodiaceae)in China EJ]．Acm Bot Yunnan，29(1)：29—31