全 文 ： 2011 9 19 5
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Sep. 2011, 19(5): 12151219 育种科学与技术


* (KSCX3-EW-N-02) (CARS-03-03B)
** : ( 1964~), , , E-mail: ljm@sjziam.ac.cn
(1980~), , , E-mail: edithor@126.com
: 2011-03-12 : 2011-06-10
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01215
“ 199” *
张 玮 1,2 王 静 1 纪 军 1,2 王志国 1 安调过 1 张相岐 2
张爱民 2 李俊明 1,2**
(1. 050022;
2. 100101)
以“科农 9204”为父本、“石 4185”为母本进行杂交, 经单株选择和系统选育, 培育出高产稳产小麦品
种“科农 199”。该品种中早熟, 株型紧凑, 株高 75~80 cm, 穗纺锤型、短芒, 灌浆快, 落黄好。籽粒角质、饱
满, 千粒重 40~42 g; “科农 199”根系发达, 生育后期根系活力强, 具有较强的吸收深层土壤水分养分的能力;
该品种适应性强, 产量稳定性好, 抗逆性强。在黄淮北片国家冬小麦区域试验中连续两年产量居第 1 位, 比对
照品种“石 4185” 极显著增产, 于 2006 年通过国家品种审定。目前, “科农 199”已在河北、河南、山东和山西
等省累计推广种植 130 万公顷, 成为黄淮冬麦区北片的主栽品种之一。
冬小麦 科农 199 小麦系谱 选育方法 品种特性 产量性状
: S331 : A : 1671-3990(2011)05-1215-05
Development of “Kn199” new winter wheat variety
and its cultivation in China
ZHANG Wei
1,2
, WANG Jing
1
, JI Jun
1,2
, WANG Zhi-Guo
1
, AN Diao-Guo
1
, ZHANG Xiang-Qi
2
,
ZHANG Ai-Min
2
, LI Jun-Ming
1,2

(1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shijiazhuang 050022, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Beijing 100101, China)
Abstract Secale cereal and Thinopyrum elongatum have been successfully applied in wheat genetic improvement in North China.
By crossing “Kn9204” (a 1RS/1BL translocated and derivative of wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploid) with “Shi4185”, a
new variety (named “Kn199”) with a high and stable grain output had been developed and approved by the National Crop Variety Ap-
proval Committee (NCVAC) in 2006. “Kn199” was an early-maturing variety, with compact plant form, 75~80 cm plant height, spin-
dle spike and short awn. Its grain filing time was short. The grains were plumping with 40~42 g of 1000-grain weight. The yield
“Kn199” was significantly higher than that of the control variety “Shi4185”. Because of developed root system, and higher root activity
at later growth stage, “Kn199” could absorb water and nutrient more efficiently even those in deep soil. The cultivation showed that the
variety was adaptable to a large range of environments and resistant to adversity with a stably high yield. The release of “Kn199” had
seen a rapid propagate of the wheat variety. “Kn199” had now become one of the major varieties in the northern region of the
Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Production Base, including southern and central Hebei, Shandong, northern Henan and southern Shanxi.
Key words Winter wheat, Kn199, Wheat pedigree, Breeding and selection strategy, Variety trait, Yield property
(Received Mar. 12, 2011; accepted Jun. 10, 2011)
, 30
,
,
,
1216 2011 19



“ 199”
[1]
,
[2]
“ 199”
,
1 品种选育过程
1.1
,
,
,
“ 4185”ד 9204”
“ 4185”
,
, , ,
, ,
“ 9204”
, 70 cm, , ,
, ;
, , ,
1.2
“ 4185”ד 9204” F2 ,
,
, ,
(
)
,
,

1.3
2 ,
, 98199-4-7-2(F4)
, , ,
9 750 kg·hm
2
,
2003
, 2004 ,
2005 , 2006
, “ 199”, :
2006017, : CNA20040376.1
2 系谱分析
“ 199” ( 1), ,
“ 4185” “ 2 ” “ 26” ,
“ 9204”
“ 3 ” “ 38” ,
, “
199” ,
, ,




图 1 “科农 199”小麦系谱
Fig. 1 Pedigree of wheat variety “Kn199”
5 : “ 199” 1217


3 品种特性及产量表现
3.1
“ 199” ,
; , 95%,
5%; ,
; : ,
, ; ,
75~80 cm, , , ; ,
, ,
, , ;
( 2) : (570×10
4
~630×10
4
·hm
2
),
(36.3 ), (40~42 g) ,
,
797 g·L
1
, 14.63%, 32.7%,
28.0 mL
1
, 57.3%, 3.0 min,
2.9 min, 171 E.U.,
41 cm
2
, 162 mm,
3.2
“ 199” 2004~2005
, 13 , 11 ,
7 638.6 kg·hm
2
, 4.19%,
, 1 2005~2006
, 12 , , 8 163 kg·hm
2
,
7.36%, ,
1 2005~2006 , 8 ,
, 7 758 kg·hm
2
, 6.22%,
, 1
, “ 199”
“ 199” “ 4185”
, ; “ 9204”
, ,
“ 199”
“ 199” , (
2), “ 4185”
, “ 199” ,
“ 4185” , 34 d
40 g
3.3
2004~2006 3 , “
199”
, 2 4
, ,
“ 199” 2007 ,
, ,
5 250 kg·hm
2 “ 199”
, 6 300 kg·hm
2

“ 199” 2008 ,
,
“ 199”
“ 199” 2009 ,
(5 26~29 ), 4 d
38~42 ℃, 3 m·s1,
8 m·s
1
,
, 600~750 kg·hm
2 “
199” 8 628 kg·hm2,
“ 4185” 2.8%( 1)
“ 199” “ 199”
, 750~800 ℃(
150 ℃) , ;
, ,
2009~2010 ,
,
,
,
, ,
“ 199” , ,
, “ 4185” 14.9%( 1)



图 2 “科农 199”2006 年 6 月在河北省栾城县(a)和 2007 年 5 月在山东省青州市(b)的生长情况
Fig. 2 Growth situations of “Kn199” in Luancheng County, Hebei Province in June 2006 (a) and in Qingzhou City,
Shandong Province in May 2007 (b)
1218 2011 19


表 1 2009 年和 2010 年“科农 199”小麦的产量潜力
Table 1 Yield potentials of “Kn199” in 2009 and 2010

Variety
2009 2010

Yield
(kg·hm
2
)

Increase
rate (%)

Yield
(kg·hm
2
)
Increase
rate (%)
4185 Shi4185 8 397 6 153
6172 Han6172 8 517 1.4 6 705 9.0
199 Kn199 8 628 2.8 7 070 14.9

3.4
“ 199” [3] “ 199”
,
,
,
( 3) , “ 199”
4% ,

表 2 氮肥用量对“科农 199”产量和表观氮效率的影响
Table 2 Influence of different nitrogen supply on yield and
apparent N use efficiency of “Kn199”

N application rate
[kg(N)·hm
2
]

Yield (kg·hm
2
)

Apparent N use efficiency
[kg·kg
1
(N)]
120 6 532.5 54.4
180 7 312.5 40.6
225 7 725.0 34.3

“ 199” ,
6 750~7 500 kg·hm
2
150~
195 g·hm
2 “ 199”
, 38% ,
50% , “ 199”
,
, “ 199”
, “ 199”
2 , ( 120 kg·hm
2
)
“ 199” 54.4 kg·kg1(N)
“ 199” ,
7 500 kg·hm
2
(P2O5)105 kg·hm
2
,
10%
( 3), “ 4185” , “ 199”
(60 kg·hm
2
)
,

4 , “ 199”
10 1~15 ,
105~150 kg·hm
2
1~2
( )180~225 kg·hm
2

4 大面积示范推广
2006 ,
,
, ,
,
10 230 kg·hm
2



图 3 “科农 199”、“石 4185”和“潍麦 8 号”的小麦根系特征
Fig. 3 Root characteristics of “Kn199”, “Shi4185” and “Weimai8”

表 3 低磷条件下不同生育时期“科农 199”小麦群体动态变化
Table 3 Population dynamics of “Kn199” in different growth stages under low-input of phosphorus

Variety
Stem number per square meter

Spike number per square meter

Yield
(g·m
2
)

Before overwintering

Returning green stage

Jointing stage
199 Kn199 482 664 512 404 354
320 4185 Shi4185 366 522 440 330
5 : “ 199” 1219


2007 5 27 ,
“ 199” ,
100
( 4a)
,
, “ 199”
2007 6 4 ,
, “ 199”
,
2008 5 22 ,
“ 199” ( 4b),
,
“ 199”
, ,
,

2009 ,
,
, ,
4 “ 199”
6 ,
4 ,
4 , 2
“ 199” 16 , 10
6


图 4 2007 年 5 月河北省栾城县(a)和 2008 年 5 月河南省新乡市(b)“科农 199”小麦观摩现场
Fig. 4 Inspection in wheat field of “Kn199” at Luancheng County, Hebei Province in May 2007
(a) and Xinxiang City, Henan Province in May 2008 (b)

2008 , “ 199”
,
, “ 199” 4
130×10
4
hm
2
( 5)



图 5 “科农 199”小麦 2006~2010 年度推广情况
Fig. 5 Extension of “Kn199” in 2006~2010
5 社会经济效益
,
, ,
, , ;
, ,

2007~2010 3
9 200×10
4
kg, 26 670
, 1 687 ;
33 111 “
199”
,
参考文献
[1] ·863 “
” [EB/OL]. [2011-02-16]. http://www.most.
gov.cn/kjbgz/201102/t20110215_84793.htm
[2] , , , . ——
199[J]. , 2007, 27(2): 368
[3] , , , .
[J]. , 2009, 25(17): 7078