全 文 ：001176
山西农业大学学报　 1998, 18 ( 2): 153～ 154
J . Shanx i Agric. Univ .
中国草绣球属和蛛网萼属花粉形态的研究①
张定宇1)　　成亚君 2)
( 1　山西农业大学 , 太谷 , 030801
( 2　山西孝义市农业局 , 孝义　　
摘　要　本文收集了国内虎耳草科 ( Saxifra gaceae) 中的草绣球属 ( Cardiandra ) 2种和蛛网萼属
( Pla tycra ter) 1种植物的花粉 , 在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下 ,进行了花粉形态的比较观察。通过研
究认为 , 两属花粉特征较接近 , 均为近长球形 , 具 3 (或拟 ) 孔沟 , 表面为短刺状雕纹 , 刺间具明
显小孔 , 说明两属 之间的亲缘关系较近 , 并结合其它一些资料 , 对两属的系统位置作了初步的探
讨。
关键词　草绣球属　蛛网萼属　花粉形态
草绣球属 ( Cardiadr a) 和蛛网萼属 ( Platy cra ter) 在分类上置于虎耳草科 ( Sax ifrag aceae) 的八仙
花亚科 ( Hydrangeoideae )内 ( Engler , 1930)〔5〕 , 其花粉形态国内外尚未见报道。为此本文采用光镜和
扫描电镜的方法 , 对上述两属 3种国产植物的花粉形态进行了研究。 从而为其植物分类提供孢粉学证
据 , 并就两属间的亲缘关系及系统位置提出了一些看法。
1　材料与方法
　　所观察的样品取自经专家鉴定的腊叶标本。试样用醋酸酐分解法 ( Erdtman, 1952)〔6〕处理 ,先在光
学显微镜下观察 , 各项特征度量 20次 , 取其平均值或最小到最大值。扫描电镜下观察的样品 , 经醋酸
酐分解后用水洗 , 并用乙醇梯度脱水 , 然后置于铜台上 , 待其自然干燥后 , 用真空喷镀金膜 , 在 JSM-
35CF扫描电镜下观察并照相。
2　观察结果
2. 1　草绣球属 Ca rdiandra Sieb. et Zucc.
本属 3种 , 产地东亚。 我国 2种 , 产地在我国中部、 广西和台湾。 观察 2种。
台湾人心药 C. fo rmosana Sieb. e t Zucc. (图版 1)
花粉粒近长球形 , 赤道面观椭圆形 , 极面观三裂圆形 , 大小为 ( 12. 5～ 16. 3) 14. 8× 11. 5 ( 8. 8～
12. 5) μm; 具 3孔沟 , 沟长约 12. 5μm , 宽约 1. 5μm; 内孔较明显 , 孔缘处加厚 ; 外壁厚 1. 2μm, 外层
与内层几相等 ; 在扫描电镜下 , 具短刺状纹饰 , 短刺间有明显的小孔 ,
人心药 C. moellendo rfii ( Hance) Li (图版 2)
花粉粒与上种不同在于 , 花粉粒体形较大 , 大小为 ( 13. 8～ 17. 5) 15. 1× 12. 6 ( 11. 3～ 13. 8) μm;
萌发孔 (沟 ) 较大 , 沟长约 13. 9μm, 沟宽约 1. 7μm, 短刺明显。
2. 2　蛛网萼属 Platyc rater Sieb. et Zucc.
为单种属 , 产地在我国浙江与福建北部及日本。观察 1种。
蛛网萼 P. arguta Sieb. et Zucc. (图版 3)
花粉粒近长球形 , 赤面观椭圆形 , 极面观三裂圆形 , 大小为 ( 16. 3～ 21. 3) 18. 9× 15. 1 ( 15. 0～
17. 5) μm; 具 3 (拟 ) 孔沟 , 沟长约 16. 2μm, 沟宽约 1. 5μm; 外壁厚度 1. 5μm, 外层与内层同厚 ; 在
① 1997— 09— 10　收稿
扫描电镜下 , 表面具短刺状雕纹 , 短刺间有明显的小孔。
3　讨　　论
通过光镜及扫描电镜观察的比较 ,作者认为草绣球属与蛛网萼属的花粉形态比较接近 ,无论从极面
观 , 赤道面观和沟的分布 , 数目以及外壁雕纹等均接近 , 同时短刺间都具有明显的小孔 , 因此可看出两
属间具有较近的亲缘关系。
在有代表性的分类系统中 , Eng ler ( 1930)〔5〕把草绣球属和蛛网萼属置于虎耳草科的八仙花亚科内 ,
Hatchinson ( 1959)〔8〕和 Cronguist ( 1981)〔4〕则把这两属放在新建立的绣球科 ( Hydrangeaceae)中 , 据已
研究过的八仙花亚科或绣球科其它属的花粉形态来看〔1, 2, 6〕 ,还未发现刺状雕纹。而刺状雕纹在虎耳草亚
科的虎耳草属 ( Sa xifrag a)〔7〕中的某些种的花粉粒上观察到 , 因此 , 这两属与虎耳草属之间是否存在着
某种关系 , 还有待进一步研究。
参　考　文　献
1　中国科学院植物研究所形态室孢粉组 .中国植物花粉形态 . 科学出版社 . 1960
2　中国科学院古植物室孢粉组 .华南植物所形态室著 . 中国热带亚热带被子植物花粉形态 . 科学出版社 . 1982
3　候宽昭编 , 吴德邻等修订 .中国种子植物科属词典 . 科学出版社 . 1984
4　 Cronguis t , A. , An integrated s ys tem of classif icat ion of f l ow ering plant. Columbia Universi ty Press , New York.
1981
5　 Engler, A. Saxif ragaceae. In Die Naturlichen pf lan zefamilien. 2nd ed. Vol. 1930, 18a, p, 116
6　 Erdtmam, G. , Pol len morph ology and plan tax onomy, I, Angiosperms , Stockholn and Waltham, Mas s. 1952
7　 Ferguson, I. K. and Webb, D. A. , Pollen morph ology in the genus Saxif raga and i ts toxonomic signif icance.
1970, Bo t. J. Soc. 63 ( 4): 295- 311
8　 Hutchis on. J. , ( 2nd edit ion) th e Families of Flow ering Plants Vol. I Dico tyledons. Oxford. 1959
图版　草绣球属和蛛网萼属的花粉形态
1.台湾人心药 Cardiand ra fo rmosana× 6600　　　 2. 人心药 C. vnollendo rf ii× 6600
3. 4. 蛛网萼 Platycrater arg uta 3.× 4400 4.× 7800
154 山 西 农 业 大 学 学 报 第 18卷
Key Words: Green pepper, Tomato, Eggplant, Efficaciously-springing-liquid-fo r-plant
The Relationships Between Activities of Secondary Metabolism- related Enzymes and Induced Resis-
tance to Aphids in Cotton
Li Runzhi et al.
(Center f or Agricultural Biotechnology , Shanx i Agricultural University , 030801)
Acco rding to the interaction betw een aphids and cotton plants, ex periments w er e carried out to study the
relatio nship between activities of secondary metabolism - related enzymes and induced resistance to aphids
( Aphis gossypii Glov er) in cotton ( Gossy pium hirsutum L. ) The results show ed that under aphid feeding sup-
pr ession, the activities of PAL and PPO in yo ung er tissue and org an of co tton plants increased distinctly , it was
more obvious in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible ones. The co ntents of phenolic compounds was
chang ed in the same way. The further tests presented that PAL, PPO and phenolic compounds were participat-
ed in the defense system of cotton . This kind of induced resistance had an important effect on the po pulation dy-
namics of aphid in the later period of cotton. life.
Key Words: Co tton, PAL, PPO, Induced resistance to aphids
Study on the Pollen Morphology of Cardiandra and Platyerater in China
Zhang Dingy u et al.
( Shanx i Agricultural University , Taigu, 030801)
Pollen mo rpholog y of Cardiandra formosana. C. mo ellendo rfii and Pla tycrater arguta under both eight mi-
croscope and scanning electio n microscope was r epo rtad in this paper. Their Pollen g rains a re lo ngish spheroid
and tricolpra te. The exine sculptur es a re spinulates and between the spinula tes there are micro-holes.
Acco rding to the evidence presented: The r ela tion-ship of tw o g enera is colse.
Key Words: Cardiandra Platycrater Pollen morphology
Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Short-Branch Type Li Hong Apple
Bai Hua et al.
(Department of Agronomy , Shanx i Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801)
Li hong apple stems were vaccinated on M s medium in which attened BA 1. 0mg /L, after 20 days, ex plants
produced brown change and 45% of ax illery buds spro uted. During subculture, becoming seedling ra te of ex-
plants was higher in BA 1. 5mg /L and 2. 0mg /L M s medium, when both mediums took turn utiliza tion, stem
explants maintained good prolifera tion effect. Roo tless plante were soaked rapidly with 50μg /g IBA and v acci-
nated in Ms medium, taking roo t rate of plants was 90% . Seedlings were transplanted in nutrition bowls, then
interimed to field, its surviv al rate was 82% .
Key Words: Apple, Tissue culture, Rapid pro pagation
Design And Implementat ion of an Inquiry And Diagnosis System For Cancer (CIDS)
Zhang Li et al.
( Shanx i Agricultural University , Taigu, 030801)
An inquiry and diagnosis system fo r cancer, called CIDS, features inquiry, diagno sis, medical reco rd man-
ag ement, machine learning and maintenance. The paper puts stress on discussing the design of CIDS, and giv es
assessments for it.
Key words: Cancer, Ex pert system, Know ledge base, Inference machine\=
The Ef fect of Combined N-Zn-Mn Fertilization on Yield and Elements Content of Chinese Cabbage
Zhang Yong qing et al.
( Shanx i Vocational -Technical Teachers College , Linfen)
Abstract: The ex periment was co nducted on calcareous cinnamon soil of Shanxi province with design of or-
dinary second o rder rotatable r eg ression of three facto rs. Under the condition of pot ex periment, combined ap-
plicatio n of uren, zinc sulfate and mang anese sulfate to chinese cabbage was studied for it effects o n elements
content and yield of cabbage. The results w ere concluded as fallows: ( 1) . Under the condition of this ex peri-
ment, the content o f uptake and utilization for N , P, Zn and Mn increased with the application of proper
amount. It provided nutritional foundition for high yield and quality. ( 2) . Application of Zn and Mn, especially
N fer tilizer, thd cabbage yield can be increased sig nficatiy, while the interaction between N and Zn, N and Mn,
No 187. 2　 　 ABST RAC T