全 文 : 中国药学杂志 2009 年 3 月第 44 卷第 6 期 Chin Pharm J,2009 March,Vol. 44 No. 6 ·415·
基金项目:西安理工大学科研创新项目资助 (108-2005)
作者简介:何仰清,男,讲师 研究方向:天然产物化学 Tel:(029)82066360 E-mail: hyq7978863@163.com
秦岭翠雀花化学成分的研究
何仰清 1,马占营 2,杨谦 1,高黎明 3,田萍 1,杜宝中 1(1. 西安理工大学应用化学系,西安 710054;2. 咸阳师范学院化学
系,陕西 咸阳 721000;3. 西北师范大学化学化工学院,兰州 730070)
摘要:目的 对秦岭翠雀花 (Delphinium giraldii)进行化学成分研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据化合物
的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果 从秦岭翠雀花的氯仿部位分离得到 8 个化合物,分别鉴定为 3-acetylaconitine ( )Ⅰ ,
mesaconitine ( )Ⅱ ,benzoylaconitine ( )Ⅲ ,delelatine(Ⅳ),siwanine A ( )Ⅴ ,methyllycaconitine ( )Ⅵ ,β-谷甾醇 ( )Ⅶ 和胡萝卜苷
(Ⅷ)。结论 化合物 1∼4 首次从该植物中分离得到。
关键词:翠雀属;秦岭翠雀花;二萜生物碱
中图分类号:R284 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-2494(2009)06-0415-03
Study on Chemical Constituents of Delphinium giraldii
HE Yang-qing1,MA Zhan-ying2,YANG Qian1,GAO Li-ming3,TIAN Ping1,DU Bao-zhong1(1. Department of Applied
Chemistry,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710054,China;2. Department of Chemistry,Xianyang Normal University,
Xianyang 712000,China;3. Department of Chemistry,Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province,Northwest Normal
University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from Delphinium giraldii. METHODS The whole of this plants were
extracted three times with 90% EtOH at the room temperature. The ethanol extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure
at 65 to℃ yield residue,which was suspended in water and successively partitioned with light petroleum and chloroform. The chloroform
extraction was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. The structures were elucidated by their physiochemical
characteristics and spectral data. RESULTS Eight compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3-acetylaconitine ( )Ⅰ ,mesaconitine ( )Ⅱ ,
benzoylaconitine ( )Ⅲ ,delelatine(Ⅳ),siwanine A ( )Ⅴ ,methyllycaconitine ( )Ⅵ ,β-sitosterol ( ) and Ⅶ daucosterol ( ).Ⅷ CONCLUSION
Compound Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were obtained from Delphinium giraldii for the first time.
KEY WORDS:Delphinium;Delphinium giraldii;diterpene alkaloids
秦岭翠雀花(Delphinium giraldii Diels)属于毛
茛科翠雀属植物。该属植物在我国有 113 种,是民
间及藏药中常用药物,全草可入药,具有镇痛、镇
静、祛风湿、解热等功效,民间用于治疗跌打损伤、
止咳平喘等疾病[1]。秦岭翠雀花广泛分布于四川西
北部(马尔康)、甘肃西南部(武都,天水)、宁夏南部
(泾源)、陕西(秦岭)、湖北西部(兴山)、河南西部(卢
氏) 和山西西部。生长于海拔 960~2 000 m 的山
地、草坡或林中[2]。对其化学成分的研究国内外已
有不同的报道[1,3-4],主要成分为牛扁碱型去甲二萜
生物碱。 考虑到同一种植物生长的环境不同,所
含化学成分也不尽相同,本实验对采自甘肃徽县榆
树乡下沟村的秦岭翠雀花进行提取分离,从其全草
的氯仿部位分离得到 8 个化合物,分别鉴定为:
3-acetylaconitine ( )Ⅰ , mesaconitine ( )Ⅱ ,
benzoylaconitine ( )Ⅲ ,delelatine ( )Ⅳ ,siwanine A
( )Ⅴ ,methyllycaconitine ( )Ⅵ ,β-谷甾醇 ( )Ⅶ 和胡萝
卜苷 ( )Ⅷ 。其中化合物Ⅰ∼ Ⅳ首次从该植物中分离
得到。与采自陕西太白山的该植物化学成分[1,3-4]相
比较,本实验所得化合物Ⅰ∼ Ⅲ为乌头碱型去甲二
萜生物碱。
1 仪器与药品
Kofler 显微熔点仪 (温度计未校正,上海物光
厂);Nicolet NEXUS 670 FI-IR 红外光谱仪(KBr
压片);MAI-44S 和 VG-ZAB-HS 型质谱仪;Bruker
AM-400 型核磁共振仪 (CDCl3 为溶剂,TMS 为内
标)。柱色谱硅胶 (100∼200 目,200∼300 目)及 TLC
硅胶板 (G)(青岛海洋化工厂);试剂为分析纯,显
色剂为改良的碘化铋钾试剂及 5%硫酸-乙醇溶液。
秦岭翠雀花采自甘肃徽县榆树乡下沟村,由西北师
范大学生命科学学院王一峰教授鉴定为 Delphinium
Chin Pharm J,2009 March,Vol. 44 No. 6 中国药学杂志 2009 年 3 月第 44 卷第 6 期 ·416·
giraldii,样品标本存放于西北师范大学生命科学学
院标本室。
2 提取分离
毛梗翠雀花全草 2.5 kg,粉碎后以体积分数
85%的乙醇渗漉提取,分 3 次,每次 7 d。浓缩液用
体积分数 5%的 HCl 溶解后过滤,滤液用体积分数
25%的氨水调 pH 10∼11,然后用氯仿萃取(萃取 4
次,每次 500 mL),再浓缩后得浸膏 250 g。将浸膏
200 g 拌以硅胶,经硅胶柱色谱(4 cm×100 cm,
200∼300 目),石油醚-丙酮(100 1∶ ∼1 1∶ )梯度洗
脱,所得各组分根据 TLC 检测合并得 A (6.36 g)、B
(4.67 g)和 C (3.35 g) 3 部分。A 部分经反复的硅胶
柱色谱 (200∼300 目 ) ,石油醚 - 丙酮 - 二乙胺
(30 1∶ ∶0.1∼1 1∶ ∶0.1)梯度洗脱,得化合物Ⅰ
(50 mg)、Ⅲ (100 mg)、Ⅴ (50 mg);B 部分静置后
有针状晶体析出,经抽滤脱色后得化合物 (10 Ⅶ
mg);C 部分经反复减压硅胶柱色谱(硅胶 H),石
油醚-丙酮-二乙胺(20 1∶ ∶0.1∼1 1∶ ∶0.1)梯度洗
脱,得化合物Ⅱ (30 mg)、Ⅳ (20 mg)、Ⅵ (50 mg)、
Ⅷ (20 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物Ⅰ:白色晶体 (石油醚-丙酮),mp 195~
197 ℃。EI-MS m/z (%):673 [M]+ (4),656 [M-17]+
(60),614 (45),582 (100),568 (37),584 (57),522
(56),105 (84);IRν KBrMax cm-1:3 500 (OH),1 710,
1 280,1 100,1 610,1 580,720;1H-NMR (CDCl3,
400 MHz) δ:1.67 (3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,NCH2CH3),
1.40 (3H,s,8-OAc),2.15 (3H,s,3-OAc),3.15,
3.20,3.30,3.70 (各 3H,s,4× OCH3),4.85 (1H,
d,J=4.8 Hz,14-βH),4.90 (1H,dd,J=12.0,6.4 Hz,
3-βH),7.30~ 8.00 (5H,m,Ar-H);13C-NMR (CDCl3,
100 MHz) δ:83.5 (C-1),32.1 (C-2),71.4 (C-3),42.6
(C-4),46.2 (C-5),82.3 (C-6),45.6 (C-7),92.1 (C-8),
44.9 (C-9),40.8 (C-10),49.9 (C-11),36.6 (C-12),
74.3 (C-13),79.1 (C-14),78.8 (C-15),90.0 (C-16),
61.0 (C-17),71.6 (C-18),49.0 (C-19),47.1,13.4
(NCH2CH3),56.0 (1-OCH3),58.5 (6-OCH3),60.7
(16-OCH3),58.8 (18-OCH3),172.4,21.2 (8-OAc),
170.3,21.3 (3-OAc),165.8,129.5,128.6,132.6 (Ar)。
以上数据与文献[5]报道 3-acetylaconitine 一致。
化合物Ⅱ:无色柱状结晶 (石油醚-丙酮),mp
202~204 ℃。EI-MS m/z (%):631 [M]+ (0.5),600
[M-31]+ (32),571 (26),556 (13),540 (100),524 (34);
IR ν KBrMax cm
-1:3 515 (OH),1 713,1 260,1 100 (OCO),
1 604,1 490,718;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:
1.49 (3H,s,8-OAc),2.37 (3H,s,NCH3),3.28,
3.30,3.40,3.73 (各 3H,s,4× OCH3),4.50 (1H,
d,H-3),4.86 (1H,d,J=4.9 Hz,H-14),7.20~ 8.00
(5H,m,Ar-H);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ:
82.3 (C-1),35.5 (C-2),69.5 (C-3),43.0 (C-4),44.7
(C-5),82.3 (C-6),44.7 (C-7),89.7 (C-8),43.7 (C-9),
41.2 (C-10),50.5 (C-11),34.9 (C-12),73.7 (C-13),
78.1 (C-14),78.5 (C-15),89.6 (C-16),61.5 (C-17),
75.6 (C-18) , 50.4 (C-19) , 42.4 (NCH3) , 55.8
(1-OCH3),58.6 (6-OCH3),61.5 (16-OCH3),59.1
(18-OCH3),172.4,21.2 (8-OAc),165.7 (ArCO),
129.7,128.6,133.7 (Ar)。以上数据与文献[5]报道
mesaconitine 一致。
化合物Ⅲ:无色粉末 (石油醚-丙酮)。EI-MS m/z
(%):603 [M]+ (3),573 [M-30]+ (100),572 [M-31]+
(30),105 (75);IRν KBrMax cm-1:3 400 (OH),1 709,
1 280,1 100 (OCO),1 610,1 580,720;1H-NMR
(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.09 (3H, t,J=7.0 Hz,
NCH2CH3),3.22,3.29,3.29,3.70 (各 3H,s,4×
OCH3),3.83 (1H,m,H-3),2.10 (1H,m,H-5),
4.07 (1H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-6),2.95 (1H,s,H-7),
4.52 (1H,m,H-15),3.25 (1H,s,H-17),5.00 (1H,
d,J=4.9 Hz,H-14),7.40~ 8.00 (5H,m,Ar-H );
13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:82.8 (C-1),32.0
(C-2),71.0 (C-3),43.2 (C-4),48.7 (C-5),81.8 (C-6),
45.5 (C-7),78.3 (C-8),45.8 (C-9),41.8 (C-10),50.3
(C-11),36.1 (C-12),74.7 (C-13),79.9 (C-14),81.5
(C-15),91.0 (C-16),62.0 (C-17),77.4 (C-18),53.9
(C-19),49.2,12.4 (NCH2CH3),55.3 (1-OCH3),59.0
(6-OCH3),61.0 (16-OCH3),57.8 (18-OCH3),166.3
(ArCO),130.0,129.9,128.8,132.8 (Ar)。以上数
据与文献[6-7]报道 benzoylaconine 一致。
化合物Ⅳ:白色针晶 (石油醚-丙酮),mp 85~ 87
℃。EI-MS m/z (%):435 [M]+ (2),404 [M-31]+ (25),
403 (100);IRν KBrMax cm-1:3 360 (OH),1 160,1 130,
1 050,930;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:0.95 (3H,
s,H-18),1.05 (3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,NCH2CH3),3.29,
3.40 (各 3H,s,2× OCH3),4.22 (1H,brs,H-6α),
4.15 (1H,t,J=4.5 Hz,H-14β),5.10,5.20 (各 1H,
s,O-CH2-O);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:83.9
中国药学杂志 2009 年 3 月第 44 卷第 6 期 Chin Pharm J,2009 March,Vol. 44 No. 6 ·417·
(C-1),26.3 (C-2),36.8 (C-3),34.2 (C-4),55.9 (C-5),
78.8 (C-6),94.0 (C-7),81.8 (C-8),47.8 (C-9),42.6
(C-10),49.7 (C-11),27.0 (C-12),36.5 (C-13),73.9
(C-14),32.2 (C-15),81.8 (C-16),63.9 (C-17),25.3
(C-18 ),57.5 (C-19 ),49.2,12.4 (NCH2CH3),56.4
(1-OCH3),56.4 (16-OCH3),93.2 (O-CH2-O)。以上
数据与文献[8]报道 delelatine 一致。
化合物Ⅴ:白色晶体 (石油醚-丙酮),mp 172~
173 ℃。FAB-MS m/z (%):506 [M+1]+ (70),504
(50),490 (25),462 (100),446 (25),111 (90);IR
ν KBrMax cm
-1:3 529 (OH),1 740,1 456,1 375,1 240,
1 086;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ:0.97 (3H,s,
H-18),1.04 (3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,NCH2CH3),2.05 (3H,
s,6-OAc),3.30,3.31,3.31 (3H,s,3×OMe),4.10
(1H,t,J=6.0 Hz,H-14β),4.95,4.91 (各 1H,s,
O-CH2-O),5.44 (1H,s,H-6α),5.65 (1H,d,J=9.6
Hz,H-3),5.96 (1H,dd,J=9.6,3.2 Hz,H-2);13C-NMR
(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:75.9 (C-1),125.2 (C-2),137.9
(C-3),34.7 (C-4),50.0 (C-5),78.9 (C-6),90.9 (C-7),
82.2 (C-8),50.4 (C-9),84.0 (C-10),56.4 (C-11),
36.6 (C-12),38.8 (C-13),81.4 (C-14),35.6 (C-15),
81.7 (C-16),60.6 (C-17),23.3 (C-18),57.6 (C-19),
48.5 , 12.9 (NCH2CH3) , 94.1 (O-CH2-O) , 55.8
(1-OCH3),57.6 (14-OCH3),56.1 (16-OCH3),169.6,
21.6 (6-OAc)。以上数据与文献[9]报道 siwanine A
一致。
化合物Ⅵ:白色针状结晶 (石油醚-丙酮),mp
172~ 173 ℃。EI-MS m/z (%):682 [M]+ (2),651
(100),216 (39);IR ν KBrMax cm-1:3 440 (OH),1 716,
1 617,1 490;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:1.07 (3H,
t,J=7.0 Hz,NCH2CH3),3.24,3.29,3.35,3.40 (各
3H,s,4× OCH3),3.57 (1H,d,J=4.5 Hz,H-14β),
7.23~ 8.04 (5H,m,Ar-H );13C-NMR (CDCl3,100
MHz) δ:83.8 (C-1),25.8 (C-2),31.8 (C-3),35.4
(C-4),43.1 (C-5),90.6 (C-6),88.3 (C-7),77.5 (C-8),
50.4 (C-9),38.2 (C-10),49.0 (C-11),28.6 (C-12),
45.9 (C-13),83.2 (C-14),33.5 (C-15),82.5 (C-16),
64.3 (C-17),69.3 (C-18),52.3 (C-19),50.9,13.8
(NCH2CH3),55.7 (1-OCH3),57.7 (6-OCH3),58.0
(14-OCH3),56.1 (16-OCH3),164.0 (OCOR),126.8
(C-1′),132.9 (C-2′),129.3 (C-3′),133.6 (C-4′),130.9
(C-5′),130.0 (C-6′),175.8 (C-1″),35.2 (C-2″),36.9
(C-3″),179.7 (C-4″),16.3 (C-5″-CH3)。以上数据与
文献[10]报道 methyllycaconitine 一致。
化合物Ⅶ:白色针晶,mp 137~138 ℃。TLC
遇 H2SO4 显紫色。EI-MS 和 1H-NMR 数据与文献报
道的 β-谷甾醇一致,薄层检识在不同溶剂系统下展
开的 Rf 值与 β-谷甾醇标准品相一致,且混合后熔
点不降低,故鉴定为 β-谷甾醇。
化合物Ⅷ:白色无定型固体,mp 289~290 ℃,
硫酸-乙醇溶液(5℅)显紫红色,在氯仿、甲醇中
不易溶解。1H-NMR 和 13C-NMR 数据与文献报道的
β-胡萝卜苷一致,TLC 与 β-胡萝卜苷标样的 Rf 值
一致,混合后熔点不下降,确定化合物Ⅷ为 β-胡萝
卜苷。
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(收稿日期:2008-05-10)
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