摘 要 ：基于中国森林生态系统碳收支模型FORCCHN，对模型水分模块进行优化，加入了降雨截留、降雪截留以及下层植物和凋落物层截留，模拟了1981—2002年中国东北地区森林生态系统碳储量的时空分布格局.结果表明：1981—2002年间，中国东北地区森林生态系统起着碳“汇”的作用，总碳储量约12.37 Pg C·a-1，其中植被和土壤碳储量分别为4.01和8.36 Pg C·a-1；研究期间，植被碳储量和土壤碳储量均呈增长趋势，气温升高对该区森林生态系统碳储量增加的贡献大于降水的变化；研究区植被碳密度的空间分布具有东南高、西北低的特点，平均约10.45 kg C·m-2；东北各地区森林生态系统土壤有机碳密度普遍较高，最大值出现在大小兴安岭及长白山的部分地区，平均约21.78 kg C·m-2；中国东北地区森林碳库在全国森林碳库中占有重要位置，研究区有林地面积占全国森林的31.4%，其植被、土壤碳储量分别为全国森林的74.28%、63.88%，植被、土壤碳密度分别为全国森林的2.70和1.22倍.
Abstract:Based on the forest carbon budget model for China FORCCHN, which had been improved through adding variables and modules of precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) intercepted by tree crown and of understory and litter, the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of carbon stocks of forest ecosystems in Northeast China from 1981 to 2002 were simulated. The results showed that from 1981 to 2002, the forest ecosystems in Northeast China played a role of carbon sink, and the total carbon stock was about 1237 Pg C·a-1, of which, the stock of vegetation and soil was 401 Pg C·a-1 and 836 Pg C·a-1, respectively. During the study period, the carbon stock of both vegetation and soil all had an increasing trend, and the increase of air temperature contributed more than the change of precipitation. Spatially, the carbon density of vegetation had the characteristics of high in southeast part and low in northwest part, with an average of 1045 kg C·m-2. Most of the forest ecosystems in Northeast China had a higher soil carbon density, with a mean value of 2178 kg C·m-2 and the maximum in part regions of Daxing’anling, Xiaoxing’anling, and Changbai mountains. The forest area in Northeast China accounted for 314 % of that in the whole country, possessing an important position in China forest carbon pool. The carbon stock of vegetation and soil in the forests of Northeast China occupied 7423 % and 6388 %, and the carbon density of vegetation and soil was 270 and 122 times of that in the forests of the whole country, respectively.