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期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2009年 20卷 08期 页码：2025-2031

关键词：植物修复；微生物促进；土壤污染；镉；铅；锌；

Keywords:phytoremediation, microbial promotion, soil contamination, cadmium, lead, zinc,

摘 要 ：

以印度芥菜作为超富集植物，通过盆栽试验研究了巨大芽胞杆菌和胶质芽胞杆菌的混合微生物制剂、黑曲霉30177发酵液对植物修复Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤的作用.结果表明：巨大芽胞杆菌和胶质芽胞杆菌的混合微生物制剂不仅可以促进超富集植物的生长，增强超富集植物对土壤Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收，而且大幅度提高了植物的修复效率，在添加外源可溶性Cd、Pb、Zn的污染土壤上，可分别使印度芥菜提取量(以植物干质量计)提高1.18、1.54和0.85倍，在添加底泥Cd、Pb、Zn污染的土壤上，可分别使印度芥菜提取量提高4.00、0.64和0.65倍，在底泥污染的土壤上的促进效果明显强于外源添加污染的土壤.黑曲霉30177发酵液能显著促进印度芥菜对土壤Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收，在添加外源可溶性Cd、Pb、Zn的污染土壤上，印度芥菜地上部Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收量分别比对照提高了88.82%、129.04%和16.80%；在添加底泥Cd、Pb、Zn污染的土壤上，可分别比对照提高78.95%、113.63%和33.85%；但它可导致印度芥菜生物量的大幅度降低，起不到提高植物修复提取量的效果.经反相高效液相色谱初步分析发现，胶质芽胞杆菌、巨大芽胞杆菌发酵液中含有草酸、柠檬酸等有机酸，有机酸对重金属有一定的溶解作用，从而提高了重金属的生物有效性.

Abstract:

Taking Brassica juncea as a hyperaccumulator, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillusme gaterium-Bacillus mucilaginosus mixed agent and Aspergillus niger 30177 fermentation liquor on the phytoremediation of Cd, Pb, and Zn-contaminated soil. The B. gaterium-B. mucilaginosus mixed agent not only promoted the growth of B. juncea, but also increased the soil Cd, Pb, and Zn uptake by the hyperaccumulator, with the phytoremediation  efficiency enhanced greatly. The enrichment amount of Cd, Pb and Zn in B. juncea on the soil added with soluble Cd, Pb and Zn increased by 118, 154 and 085 folds, while that on the soil added with Cd, Pb and Zn-contaminated sediment increased by 400, 064 and 065 folds, respectively, compared with the control. A. niger 30177 fermentation liquor increased the soil Cd, Pb, and Zn uptake by B. juncea. Comparing with the control, the enrichment amount of Cd, Pb and Zn in aboveground part of B. juncea on the soil added with soluble Cd, Pb and Zn increased by 8882%, 12904% and 1680%, while that on the soil added with Cd, Pb and Zn-contaminated sediment increased by 7895%, 11363% and 3385%, respectively. However, A. niger 30177 fermentation liquor decreased the B. juncea biomass greatly, having less effect in the enhancement of phytoremediation efficiency. The analysis of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography showed that the fermentation liquor of B. gaterium and B. mucilaginosus contained some organic acids such as oxalic acid and citric acid. These acids could dissolve the heavy metals to some degree, and accordingly, enhance the bioavailability of the metals.

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