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作 者 ：王艳萍¹;高吉喜²;刘尚华³;杜相革¹

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2008年 19卷 07期 页码：1501-1505

关键词：桃；

摘 要 ：于2004—2005年在北京市平谷区有机桃园设置不同有机肥处理：2年连续施有机肥，
年均67 500 kg·hm^-2（T₁）；第一年不施肥，第二年施有机肥135 000 kg·hm^-2（T₂）；第一年不施肥，第二年施有机肥67 500 kg·hm^-2（T₃）；不施肥对照（CK），并于2006年对0～120 cm土层土壤进行取样分析，研究施用有机肥对土壤硝态氮分布和淋失的影响.结果表明：对照土壤中硝态氮分布较均匀，T₁和T₃在0～120 cm土层硝态氮浓度变化呈单峰曲线，其中60 cm以上较高，在60～120 cm逐渐降低；而T₂土壤硝态氮浓度由浅到深逐渐增加，峰值出现在100～120 cm土层，其在60 cm以下土层的硝态氮浓度在所有处理中最高，说明过量施用有机肥易导致硝态氮的淋失.相关分析表明，土壤硝态氮的浓度和分布与多年施氮总量、最近一年施氮量和检测点与树的距离呈显著相关关系，并据此建立了有机肥施用与土壤剖面硝态氮浓度之间的相关模型.

Abstract:In 2004 and 2005, a field experiment was conducted in a peach orchard
in Pinggu District of Beijing to study the effects of organic manure on the prof
ile distribution of nitrateN in soil. Four treatments were installed, i.e., ap
plying 6.75×10⁴ kg·hm^-2 of organic manure both in 2004 and in 2005
(T₁), no fertilization in 2004 but applying 13.5×10⁴ kg·hm^-2 of organic manure in 2005 (T₂), no fertilization in 2004 but applying 6.75×10⁴ kg
·hm^-2 of organic manure in 2005 (CK), and no fertilization both in 2004
and in 2005 (CK). In 2006, soil samples at the depth of 0-120 cm were collected from the treatments and analyzed. The results showed that s
oil nitrate-N had a relatively uniform distribution in the profile in CK, acc
umulated more at the depth of 0-60 cm and decreased gradua
lly at 60-120 cm in T₁ and T₃, and increased with increasing depth, with the peak at the depth of 100-120 cm in T₂. The soil nitrate-N content below 60 cm in T₂ was the highest among all the treatments, indicating that applying excessive amount of organic manure could induce nitrate-N leaching. The profile distribution of soil nitrate-N had significant correlations with the total amount of applied organic manure, the amount of organic manure applied in the nearest year, and the distance of sampling sites from peach tree. A correlation model of organic manure treatments and soil nitrate-N distribution was established.

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