全 文 ：OxidationResistanceofFlavonoidsinChinese
JujubeStone
ZHANGNa, YANGBao-qiu, WANGQian, HOUXu-jie＊
ColegeofLifeSciences, TarimUniversity, Alar843300
Abstract [ Objective] TheaimwastostudyontheoxidationresistanceofflavonoidsinChinesejujubestone.[ Method] Theextractoffla-
vonoidsfromChinesejujubestonewasaddedtofreshrapeseedoilandlardtoexploretheoxidationresistanceofflavonoids;theremovalratesofittoO2-·, DPPH· and·OHwerealsostudied.[Result] TheflavonoidsfromChinesejujubestonehadgoodoxidationresistanceonrape-
seedoilandlard, andtheeffectsshoweddose-dependent;citricacidandvitaminCappearedsynergisticefectstotheflavonoids;infree-radical
reactionexperiment, theflavonoidsfromChineseJujubestonealsoshowedstrongscavengingabilityonO2-·, DPPH· and·OH, inaddition,
thescavengingabilityincreasedwithconcentrationincreasing.[ Conclusion] Theresultofthisstudyhadprovidedtheoreticalbasisforthefurther
developmentandutilizationofChinesejujuberesource.
Keywords ChineseJujubestone;Flavonoids;Oxidationresistance
Received:September6, 2010 Accepted:October12, 2010
SupportedbyTarimUniversityPresidentFundforInnovationGroup
Program(TDZKCX08001).
＊Corespondingauthor.E-mail:houxujie@sina.com
Fatoxidationoftenoccursinfoodindustry, whichisone
ofthemainquestionsseriouslyaffectingfoodquality.Atpres-
ent, assomeofthesyntheticantioxidantssuchasBHT, BHA
andTBHQwerefoundtobetoxicinanimalexperiments, the
workofsearchingandscreeningefficient, lowcost, lowtoxici-
tyorevennon-toxicnaturalantioxidantsshouldbepaidmore
attention[1] .Flavonoidsareaclassofnaturalcompoundwith
antioxidantactivity, andwidelypresentinplants.Besides,
flavonoidshavethecharacteristicsofhighefficiencyandsafe-
tyandthushavebecometheresearchhotspot[ 2].
Jujubebelongstojujubegenus, Rhamnaceae.Jujube
hasmoreadequateresourcesinourcountryespecialyinXin-
jiang, anditisrichinflavonoidsashighas3.30 mg/gaccord-
ingtomeasurement[ 3].Aftertheprocessingandeatingofju-
jube, mostofthejujubestoneisdiscardedaswasteorburned
asfuel, resultingintremendouswasteofresources.Inthis
paper, theoxidationresistanceofflavonoidsinthejujube
stonewasstudied, toprovidetheoreticalbasisforthefurther
comprehensivedevelopmentandutilizationofChinesejujube
resources.
MaterialsandMethods
Materialsandreagents
Jujubestonewascolectedafterthepulpofcommercial
jujubewasusedforprocessing;rapeseedoilwasboughtfrom
market;lard:commercialfreshporksuetwascutintosmal
pieces, refinedandfilteredforlateruse.
Rutin(SigmaCompony);isooctane, glacialaceticacid,
potassiumiodide, sulfuricacid, solublestarch, sodiumthio-
sulfate, potassium dichromate, anhydrousethanol, sodium
nitrite, ferroussulfate, sodiumhydroxide, aluminumnitrate,
EDTA, Tris, citricacid, butylatedhydroxytoluene(BHT),
propylgalate(PG), Vcandsoonwerealanalyticalpure.
Themaininstrumentsandequipments
RE-201Drotaryevaporator, SHB-B95A-typewatercircu-
latingmulti-purposevacuum pump, 756 UVvisiblespectro-
photometer, DHG-9030Aelectrothermalconstanttemperature
dryingbox, AR2140 electronicbalance.
Methods
Extractionofflavonoidsinjujubestone Afterdriedand
crushed, thejujubestonewasextractedwith60% ethanolat
80 ℃ for6-8h.Then, aftertheextractwasfiltered, evapo-
ratedinunderpressureanddried, theflavonoidextractwas
obtained[2] .
Researchontheoxidationresistanceofflavonoidsinju-
jubestone Theflavonoidsextractfromjujubestonewasdis-
solvedwithasmalamountofethanol, andaddedinto50 g
freshrapeseedoilandlardwithacertainpercentage.Thelard
washeatedtomeltslowlyinthewaterbathandstirredfrom
timetotimeintheheatingprocesstokeephomogeneous.
Theywereplacedin63±1 ℃incubatorforconservation, and
twoparalelsamplesofthemwerecolectedatcertainintervals
todetermineitsperoxidevalue(POV), shakingthoroughly
aftersamplingtomixwithsuficientair.Inaddition, 0.02%
BHTand0.01% PGwereaddedintorapeseedoilandlardre-
spectively, tocomparetheoxidationresistancebetweenBHT,
PGandflavonoidsextractofjujubestone.0.1% extractwas
mixedwith0.1% VCand0.1% citricacidrespectivelywith
theratioof1∶1, tocomparethesynergisticefectsofthem.
Determinationofperoxidevalue POVwasdeterminedac-
cordingtoGB5538-2005 method.
Thedeterminationoffreeradicalscavengingabilityoffla-
vonoidsofjujubestone Oxygenfreeradicalsclearance
ratewasdeterminedwithpyrogalolautoxidationmethod;Fen-
tonreactionassaywasusedforthedeterminationoffreehy-
droxideradicalclearancerate;andspectrophotometrywas
adoptedtodetecttheeliminationofDPPHfreeradicals.
ResultsandAnalysis
Theperoxidevaluechangesofrapeseedoilandlardafter
addingdifferentantioxidants
ItcouldbeconcludedfromTable1, 2 that, theflavonoids
extractofjujubestonehadstrongerinhibitoryeffectsonthe
oxidationofrapeseedoilandlard.Inacertainrangeofadded
amount, theoxidationresistanceshowedatrendofgradual
PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistryAgriculturalScience＆Technology, 2010, 11(8):36-38Copyright 2010, InformationInstituteofHAAS.Alrightsreserved.
increasewiththeamountincreasingofaddedextract, indica-
tingadose-responserelationshipoftheanti-oxidativeefectof
jujubestoneflavonoidsonrapeseedoilandlard.Theanti-oxi-
dativeefectof0.5%extractwasequivalenttothatof0.02%
BHTand0.01%PG;and1.0%extracthadbeteranti-oxida-
tiveefectthan0.02% BHTand0.01%PG.Withtimeprolon-
ging, theanti-oxidativeefectofaddedextractontheoilwas
moreandmoreobvious.
Table1 Comparisonoftheoxidationresistanceofdiferentaddeda-
mountofextractsandPG, BHTtorapeseedoil meq/kg
Addedsubstance Time∥d
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Blank 1.82 5.91 14.60 26.13 42.40 62.35 85.12
0.05%extract 1.82 5.57 9.32 18.56 32.50 49.31 69.74
0.10%extract 1.82 5.08 8.13 14.70 26.07 41.56 60.32
0.20%extract 1.82 4.46 7.91 13.76 23.12 36.31 52.86
0.50%extract 1.82 3.75 7.53 12.27 19.59 29.52 43.17
1.00%extract 1.82 3.20 6.14 10.27 16.91 25.17 36.56
0.02%BHT 1.82 3.85 7.21 11.65 19.46 30.49 43.73
0.01%PG 1.82 4.11 7.79 13.18 21.62 33.2 49.89
Table2 Comparisonoftheoxidationresistanceofdiferentadded
amountofextractsandPG, BHTtolard meq/kg
Addedsubstance Time∥d
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Blank 1.76 3.61 7.60 13.13 20.40 30.35 43.28
0.05%extract 1.76 3.27 5.32 9.16 15.69 24.37 35.73
0.10%extract 1.76 2.78 4.13 6.90 12.17 19.56 28.85
0.20%extract 1.76 2.56 3.71 6.16 10.62 17.34 25.36
0.5%extract 1.76 2.35 3.21 5.27 8.53 14.22 21.67
1.00%extract 1.76 2.20 3.14 4.97 8.41 13.17 19.56
0.02%BHT 1.76 2.45 3.36 5.51 8.46 14.09 21.15
0.01%PG 1.76 2.51 3.59 5.98 9.67 15.92 22.89
Thesynergisticantioxidationofflavonoidsextractfrom
jujubestoneanddifferentsynergistsonrapeseedoil
Citricacid, asacommonlyusedmetalionschelating
agent, couldformchelatewithtracemetalionsofoil, tore-
ducethecatalyticactivityofmetalionsonfatoxidation, thus
enhancetheanti-oxidativeefectofantioxidants.Vccouldre-
actwithoxygentoconsumetheresidualoxygenintheclosed
system.ItwasdisplayedinTable3 that, bothcitricacidand
Vchadcertainsynergism ontheoxidationresistanceoffla-
vonoidsextractsfromjujubestone, andVchadbetersyner-
giesthancitricacid.
Table3 Comparisonofsynergeticantioxidationofextractanddifer-
entsynergisttorapeseedoil meq/kg
Addedsubstance Time∥d
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Blank 1.82 5.91 14.60 26.13 42.40 62.35 85.12
0.20%extract 1.82 4.46 7.91 13.76 23.12 36.31 52.86
0.10%extract+
0.10%citricacid 1.82 4.29 7.72 12.93 21.48 34.26 50.58
0.10%extract+
0.10%Vc 1.82 3.75 6.36 11.28 17.56 25.78 36.18
Freeradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsextractsfrom
jujubestone
Superoxideanionradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoids
extractsfrom jujubestone About2% -5% oxygenwil
formsuperoxideanionradicalintheredoxreactioninvivo,
andthetoxicityofsuperoxideanionradicalisthemaincause
oftheoxygentoxicityoforganism, whichcouldresultinthe
nucleicacidstrandbreaks, thepolysaccharidedepolymeriza-
tionandtheperoxidationofunsaturatedfattyacid, folowedby
aseriesofchangesincludinggeneticmutations, membrane
damage, enzymeinactivation, changesinmitochondrialoxi-
dativephosphorylationandsoon.
ItcouldbeconcludedfromFig.1that, flavonoidsextracts
fromjujubestoneandVchadbettersuperoxideradicalscav-
engingability, andthescavengingefectwasdose-dependent
thattheclearancerateincreasedwithitsconcentrationincreas-
ing.Whentheconcentrationofantioxidantswas500 μg/ml, the
clearancerateofflavonoidsextractsfromjujubestoneandVc
onsuperoxideanionradicalwere82.3% and93.7% respec-
tively.Scavengingabilityofextractswassomewhatlessthan
thatofVc.
Fig.1 Superoxideanionradicalscavengingabilityoffla-
vonoidsextractsfromjujubestoneandVc
DPPHfreeradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsex-
tractsfromjujubestone ItwasshowninFig.2 that, the
DPPHfreeradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsextractfrom
jujubestoneandVcincreasedwiththeincreaseoftheircon-
centrationsintherangeof20 -100 μg/ml, showingacertain
dose-responserelationship.Astheconcentrationofantioxida-
ntswas100 μg/ml, theclearancerateofflavonoidsextracts
fromjujubestoneandVconDPPHfreeradicalwere79.2%
and90.1%.Itsuggestedthatflavonoidsextracthadarela-
tivelystrongDPPH· scavengingability, butwassomewhat
lessthanVc.
Fig.2 DPPHfreeradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsex-
tractsfromjujubestoneandVc
Freehydroxylradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsex-
tractfromjujubestone ItcouldbeconcludedfromFig.3
that, thefreehydroxylradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoids
extractfromjujubestonewassimilartothatofVcatthecon-
centrationof100 -200 μg/ml.Inthehighconcentration
range, theremovaleffectofextractswaslessthanVc.How-
ever, intheconcentrationrangeof300-500 μg/ml, thehy-
37ZHANGNaetal.OxidationResistanceofFlavonoidsinChineseJujubeStone
droxylradicalscavengingabilityofflavonoidsextractfromju-
jubestonesignificantlyincreasedwiththeincreaseofitscon-
centration.Therefore, flavonoidsextractofjujubestonehad
betterhydroxylradicalscavengingability.
Fig.3 Theremovalrateofflavonoidsextractsfromjujube
stoneandVconfreehydroxylradical
Conclusions
(1)Theflavonoidsextractofjujubestonehadacertain
anti-oxidativeefectonlardandrapeseedoil, andtheanti-oxi-
dativeefectgradualyincreasedwiththeincreaseofaddeda-
mount, showingapositivecorrelationwithitsconcentrationin
thetestdoserange.
(2)ThecitricacidandVchavesomesynergisticaction
totheanti-oxidativeefectofflavonoidsextract, andthesyn-
ergyofVcwasbeterthancitricacid.
(3)Flavonoidsextractfromjujubestonehadbetterscav-
engingefectonsuperoxideanionradical, DPPHradicaland
hydroxylradical.Besides, thescavengingeffectincreased
withitsconcentrationincreasing, showingacertaindose-
efectrelationship.
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枣核黄酮类物质的抗氧化性研究(摘要)
张娜 ,杨保求 ,王 倩 ,侯旭杰＊ (塔里木大学生命科学学院 ,新疆阿拉尔 843300)
[目的]对枣核黄酮类物质的抗氧化性质进行研究。
[方法]将枣核黄酮类提取物加到新鲜菜籽油和猪油中 ,研究其抗氧化性能;并测定了其对氧自由基、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率。
[结果]枣核黄酮类提取物对菜籽油及猪油均有一定的抗氧化作用 ,在一定添加范围内其作用具有剂量效应关系;柠檬酸 、Vc对枣核黄酮类
提取物抗氧化效果均有一定的增效作用;枣核黄酮类提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基均有较好的清除能力 ,且随着
黄酮类物质溶液浓度的增大 ,清除能力逐渐增强。
[结论]该研究结果为进一步综合开发利用红枣资源提供理论依据。
关键词 枣核;黄酮类物质;抗氧化
基金项目 塔里木大学校长基金创新群体项目(TDZKCX08001)。
作者简介 张娜(1981),女 ,湖南望城人 ,硕士,讲师 ,从事农产品贮藏与深加工方面的研究。 ＊通讯作者。
收稿日期 2010-09-06 修回日期 2010-10-12
(上接第 23页)
甲壳动物免疫系统概述及其图论表示
马寨璞＊ ,张繁霜 ,井爱芹 (河北大学生命科学学院 ,河北保定 071002)
摘要 全面梳理了当前甲壳动物免疫系统研究中所涉及到的各种酶、免疫因子和调节因子 ,并按照它们之间各自的影响 、作用关系 ,分别以
不同的符号予以表达 ,绘制出了甲壳动物免疫系统的整体作用图。这为从整体上应用图论理论研究甲壳动物免疫力提供了帮助。
关键词 甲壳动物;免疫系统;免疫因子;图论
作者简介 马寨璞(1970-),男 ,河北保定人,博士 ,教授 ,从事系统生物学与生态模型研究。 ＊通讯作者。
收稿日期 2010-09-27 修回日期 2010-11-18
38 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.11, No.8, 2010