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The phytoplankton in Caohai Lake, Weining

威宁草海的浮游植物


从2004年1月至2005年1月,对贵州威宁草海的浮游植物进行采集和鉴定,共鉴定出浮游植物390种(含变型和变种),分属7门10纲23目41科96属。其中绿藻门种类最多,达205种,占总种数的52.56%;其次是蓝藻门的种类,有85种,占21.79%;硅藻门的种类有55种,占14.10%;其他藻类有45种,占11.15%。全年均能采集到的有60种,多数为小型的、富营养湖泊种常见的水华藻类,如铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、铜绿微囊藻小型变种(M. aeruginosa var. minor)。鉴定出的藻类植物种有105种为污染指示种,其中全年出现的多污性(ps)指示种有6种,β-多污性(β-ps)指示种有44种,α-中污性(α-ms) 指示种有78种,β-中污性(β-ms) 指示种有64种,寡污性(os) 指示种有17种,分别占总污染指示种总数的5.71%,41.90%、74.29%、60.95%、16.19%(有的种类具有多种污染级别的指示,在统计过程中均分别计算),草海的污染指示种以α-中污染和β-污染指示种为主。根据草海浮游植物种类组成的历史演变来看,硅藻门的种类减少较多,其他一些适宜生活于清洁水体种的藻类,如小黄丝藻(Heterotrichales minus)从1989年以后就未曾发现。所有结果都显示出草海已受到严重污染,属于富营养型的湖泊。


全 文 :第27卷第5期
2008年lO月
生态科学
EcologicalScience
27(5):421-423
Oct.2008
ThephytoplanktoninCaohaiL ke,Weining
PANHon91.,TANGYu.hon92,WANGYan93,YANNi4,CHENChuall4
J. ResearchCenterofHydrobioloy,JinanUniversity,Guangzhou51063ZChina
2.TheD an0ofZunyiMedicalCollege。Zunyi563000,China
3. CollegeofEconomicsandManagement,HeilongjiangAugust.firstAg iculturalUniversity,Daqing163319,China
4. SchoolfGeographicandBiologicalScience,C_ru拓houNormalUniversity,Cruiyang550001,China
Keywords:Phytoplankton;Eutrophication;Caohai
威宁草海的浮游植物
潘鸿¨,唐宇宏2,王洋3,晏妮4,陈橡4
1广州暨南大学水生生物研究中心,广州510632
2遵义医学院教务处,遵义563000
3黑龙江八一农垦大学经济管理学院,大庆163319
4贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院,贵阳550001
【摘要】 从2004年1月至2005年1月,对贵州威宁草海的浮游植物进行采集和鉴定,共鉴定出浮游植物390种(含变型和变种),
分属71"710纲23目4l科96属。其中绿藻门种类最多,达205种,占总种数的52.56%;其次是蓝藻门的种类,有85种,占21.79%;
硅藻门的种类有55种,占14.10%;其他藻类有45种,占11.15%。全年均能采集到的有60种,多数为小型的、富营养湖泊种常见
的水华藻类,如铜绿微囊藻(Mzcrocystisaeruginosa)、铜绿微囊藻小型变种(膨aeruginosavRr.minor)。鉴定出的藻类植物
种有105种为污染指示种,其中全年出现的多污性(ps)指示种有6种,p.多污性(p-ps)指示种有44种,m中污性(a-ms)指
示种有78种,B.中污性(13-ms)指示种有64种,寡污性(os)指示种有17种,分别占总污染指示种总数的5.71%,41.90%、74.29%、
60.95%、16.19%(有的种类具有多种污染级别的指示,在统计过程中均分别计算),草海的污染指示种以小中污染和肛污染指
示种为主。根据草海浮游植物种类组成的历史演变来看,硅藻门的种类减少较多,其他一些适宜生活于清洁水体种的藻类,如
小黄丝藻(Heterotrichalesminus)从1989年以后就未曾发现。所有结果都显示出草海已受到严重污染,属于富营养型的湖泊。
关键词:浮游植物;富营养化;草海
中图分类号:Q178.53 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008—8873(2008)05-421-03
1 IntroductiOil
CaohaiLakeiSsituateda theWeiningYi.Huiand
MiaoAutonomousCountyofGuizhouProvince.Itlies
in104012’~104。18’Eastlongtudeand26。497---26053’
Northlatitude,anditis earthesouthwestpartof
WeiningTownship.Meanannu lairtemperratureis
收稿日期:2008-09-10收稿,2008·10·10接受

作者简介:潘鸿(1975--),男,博士研究生,研究方向:水域生态学。
·浦讯作者.E-raail:nh-tian999(岔163.洲
10.5℃r1.9℃inJa uarynd17.7℃inJuly).Mean
annualrainfaUiS950ramllJ.CaohaiL keisatypical
andintegratedkarstplateauwetlandecosystem.Ithas
becomea nationaltureprotectareaforGrus
nigricollis(Black-neckedCrane)sincel992L2’JJ.Ithas
b ennoticedwi elyasaimportantinternational
万方数据
422 生态科学EcologicalScience 27卷
Figure1SitesofphytoplanktoninCaohaiL ke
wetland.Becouseitislocatedn arWeining,wastewater
wasdischaredintothelake.Indicativeplantssuchas
AlternantheraphiloxeroidesandLemnaminorappear
attllesidesofthelakecloseto也et0、釉【4】.
2 MateriaisandMethods
Sevensiteswereselectedforphytoplankton
collection(figure1),andsamplecollectionof
phytoplanktontookplaceinJanuary,April,July,
Octoberof2004andJanuaryof2005.AIlsamplesw re
preservatedwi hFAAonsiteandtransportedbacktothe
laboratory..
3 ResuRsandDiscussion
Thereare390speciesandubspecieswhichbelong
t07phyla,10classes,23orders,41families,and96
genera.Thereal 205speciesandsubspeciesof
Charophyta(52.56%),85speciesandsubspeciesof
Cyanophyta(21.79%),55speciesandsubspeciesof
Bacillariophyta(14.10%),and45 speciesand
subspeciesofothers(11.15%).Theconstitutesof
phytoplanktonWaslistintable1.
60speciescouldbefoundineveryseason,suchas
Microcystisaeruginosa.膨aeruginosavat.m r,
Merismopediapunctata,Phormidiumtenue,
Chroomonasacuta,Cryptomonaserosa,Navicula
anglica,Chlorococcuminf sionum,Scenedesmus
bijugattus,&quadrispina.Someofthemaresmallor
diminutivespecies,sucha Microcystisaeruginosavat.
minor,Aphanocapsakoordens,A.delicatissma,
Merismopediatenuissima,膨punctata,Oscillatoria
pseudogeminata,Phormidiumtenu,Chroo onasac ta,
Chlamydomonasmicro phaera,Chlorellsvulgaris,
Tetraedronmi imum,Scenedesmusob|iqUUS,s.
bellospinosus.&dimorphus.
Thereare105indicativespeciesforpollution,such
asMicrocystisaeruginosaVat.minor,Aphanocapsa
elachista,A.koordensi,A.delicatissma,Merismopedia
tenuissima,膨punctata,Dactylococcopsis
rhaphidioides,D.rhaphidioides£longio,Phormidium
tenue,Chroomonasacuta,Cryptomonaserosa,
Peridiniumbipes,Ceratiumcorn tum,Chlamydomonas
万方数据
5期 潘鸿,等:威宁草海的浮游植物423
Species’ 6(5.71%)44(41.90%)78(74.29%)64(60.95%)17(16.19%)
·:somespeciesbindicatedtwoormorepollutiondagree.
microsphaera,Eudorinaelegans,Scenedesmusobliquus,
&bijugattus,&quadrispinaand&quadr c uda[5,61,
whichouldbefindateverytimeinCaohaiLake.Most
ofthemarea-psandp-psindicativespecies,table2.
Allspeciescomparedwiththedatatl,6,7·81,wefind
thatsomeg neraa efustrecordedinCaohaiL ke,such
as Dermocarpa,Chamaesiphon,Gloeocapsa,
Synechocyst西,Synechococcus,Cylindrospermum,
Pedinomonas,Sphaerellopsos,Pteromonas,Pleodorina,
Chlorococcum,Acanthosphaera,Schroederia,
PalmelloCOCCUS,Chodatella,Selenastrum,Westella,
Uronema,Rhizoclonium,Cosmocladium,Eunotia,
Coccone西,Hantzschia,StrombomonasndLepocinclis.
Butsomeofgeneranervebcfindintheyearsuchall
Homoeothrix,Tetraspora,Radiofilum,Desmidium,
Coscinodiscus,Stephanodiscus,Calonris,Diploneis,
Epithemia,Ochromonas,ChrysophxisJ-Ieterotrichale
andSOon.Somesp ciessuchasHeterotrichalesminus
whichusuallybefmdincleanlywaterWasneverbefind
againafter1989.
AlloftheresultsindicatedthatCaohaiisa
entrophiclake.
Ikfe!rences
【1l XiangYH,HuangWL,WuZKeta1.1986.The
sciencereviewcollectionofGuizhouCaohail ke[M].
Guiyang:GuizhouPeople’SPress.
【2l HongS L,HarrisJ,WangWYeta1.1999.
Community-basedconservationnddevelopment:
strategiesandpracticeatCaohai[M].Guiyang:
GuizhouNationaltiesPublishingHouse.
【3J TaoSM.1999.PressuresofCaohaireservationnd
sustainablem nagement[J].EnviromentalProtection
(1):25—28
【4l PanH,WangYYahN,etaL2005.Aprimarystudy
ofhydrophytecommunitystructuerandbiodiversi锣
atthewaterfowlreproducingareaofSojiwanin
C ohailake[J].JournalfGu拓houNormal
UniversiO,(NaturalSciences),23(2):15-19
15JAcademyECOE(ed).1987.Theenvirom ntand
indicativebiology【M】. Beijing:Chinese
EnviromentalSciencePress.
16】CaiJL,XiongYX.1996.Theconllilonndicative
algaetowaterspollutionfromGuizhou[J].Guizhou
Science,14(2):45-49
【71 LiuZYXiongYX,LuoYC,eta1.1992.A
preliminarystuayonalgaeintheCaohainature
reserve[J].CollectionfGuizhouAgricultural’
College20(2):85—98
[8]CaiJL,XiongYH,ZhangYM.1996.Primary
discussoftheconnectionofalgaendeutrophication
innatureprotectareaofCaohai[J】.GuizhouForestry
ScienceandTechnology24(2):22-24,39.
万方数据
威宁草海的浮游植物
作者: 潘鸿, 唐宇宏, 王洋, 晏妮, 陈椽, PAN Hong, TANG Yu-hong, WANG Yang, YAN
Ni, CHEN Chuan
作者单位: 潘鸿,PAN Hong(广州暨南大学水生生物研究中心,广州,510632), 唐宇宏,TANG Yu-hong(遵
义医学院教务处,遵义,563000), 王洋,WANG Yang(黑龙江八一农垦大学经济管理学院,大庆
,163319), 晏妮,陈椽,YAN Ni,CHEN Chuan(贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院,贵阳
,550001)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2008,27(5)

参考文献(8条)
1.Tao S M Pressures of Caohai reservation and sustainable management 1999(01)
2.Hong S L;Harris J;Wang W Y Community-based conservation and development:strategies and practice at
Caohai 1999
3.Xiang Y H;Huang W L;Wu Z K The science review collection of Guizhou Caohai lake 1986
4.Cai J L;Xiong Y X The common indicative algae to waters pollution from Guizhou 1996(02)
5.Academy ECOE The enviroment and indicative biology 1987
6.Pan H;Wang Y;Yah N A primary study of hydrophyte community structuer and biodiversity at the
waterfowl reproducing area of Bojiwan in Caohai lake 2005(02)
7.Cai J L;Xiong Y H;Zhang Y M Primary discuss of the connection of algae and eutrophication in
nature protect area of Caohai 1996(02)
8.Liu Z Y;Xiong Y X;Luo Y C A preliminary study on algae in the Caohai nature reserve 1992(02)

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