免费文献传递   相关文献

Developments in Microcosm Research

微生态系统研究动态



全 文 :Developments in Microcosm Research
CHAO Min WANG en-~ing YAO Hong-Yan
( Department of Biology and -, Shundong Lhriuerszly, Jinw 250100)
Abstract Microcosm research has a long history in ecology, which can simulate the pre-designed
results conveniently and precisely, and with the characteristic of simplicity and small-size. It has
been a widely used means for studying the principles and methods in ecology. This paper describes
the recent developments in rnicroecosestem research, and analyses its status and mle in ecology.
Key words Microcosm, Dynamics
a % A, Author for cormspcmknce.
lk% S #4 : 1998-1@12 fgg El fgj : 1998-12-11 842%%: s&%e

%%B&zB&~E%M ,%&?sf * ~ P : M H R + R % ~ E B ~ % ~ ~ H ,##e&~~%3!4
#$&m~BRfkMm%o
2.1 %kYS%%fiF%HBBfl
@%&%%B&%E$%%%B%+EHHB9RB,%B@$J%k% Metcalf%
1 1 % - 7 k & @ H % T O $Itt;U% ,@2&&%%B%+ El a.
2 B J S B o ~~++Ru*,~m&z%~,%~@w~m~H%%%~,~m%%%B
%%k%%&,%mS l%&@%G%fi\ !l#TH&&%%EHM%$i?
%&,#F$RiT%Z?% it%N$u@k%!3I r%&#Tkf MBRIfi ,&%
k f lYJ3!Ri%Fll&O
@%R@%+EHM@&&%%-@%% 3 k%@,EP&&@&&%%,E&%&&
%%,E+-7k&@&&%%,@B$&%BB%tt,EHB%@SNB%BAMB7k&@
&&%%o Giesy 8 FR(1985)%f-@7k&&@&%%%%%@a,\@Nkk 3 e0
@@7k&&@&%%%-@E%BRfJ\T 10 L 1?9@#7k%&&%%, +@&&%%B%
BRAT 10 L WJ\T 1000 L 1%3@#&&&&%%, k@7k%%%@RkT 1000 L, %iRi
*mtzBsg ,%A$BH%%%BRkT 10 L m@#&z%%E%%@&&%%,@
%7k&&%%E%%7k&@&&%%o &E%8(1990)EHT7k9;%H%M@&&%%
%% 4 +%B:%&g%@,%%@,)SiJ%iiN7kE@,kr %(1995)&EBT-+7.&@
&&%%,%%%% 3 +Etk:ERE,7kEN9%E96LB 3 +@%:@J%LkF%,@&#
&%N%23M3MER@,NHItt;%%%%8%kM Bay Svaeerd mfFT tkRo
2.2 #Ys%aH3eaMYa+BBfl
EAU%,@%#%,#%%&&%%EB%3&B&&%HRMB%@@,&&%
%fll&e~3JHB&&%%E%B-$@fti$S+ M--E#A%3& ,?In Spencer %( 1996)
$flHfj\a@&&%%H%T@E%kfJ\X$T&%M%%8&pa m%$l ;Verhoef(l996)
tkBT%%8@&&%%,RBE&&%%W5BE@+M%#$fFH%B%@%;Drake
(1996) .Kaowabata%(1996).Cortze %(19%).Duncan %(1996)%$PiFI]HB%&%%.Bf%T#
%ii:@MB$B@%k%,#%MNra%$ra%E; Jaffee(1996)@%T%&&%%X$Tk
%3ZBNS%&IFR&%f2SKI MIFR&-@IFR&3& ,1&%$ ,i%-$JJEBBEX%&&%%+
%?%Rjrfti%E!8, &&SiJUs$@%&%%HT8%@k@4k;Mm~ %(1996)!lIJ-lh%%%
B@&&%%@X$*%&%M,&@%EE8&@#%3E@B6@@NB%-H%&%
MYFH ,M+G%9~%%NX#$xrf.flk%#%%HH%B%RS~M; Lawton(1996)%%T
-H&%B2B%B,H%S%B$jHE&#%,%B3%%G%$ ,s3?m@##%\%
% N & & % % % m # % ~ U B % m ~ & & ~ 9 B + ~ f i & % , m U w a m @ % @ % K E
@+5FJd&E&mdfBo %SMHR&RSSa ,@&&%%S%5$2srlUB--65%E&
&%B&,fiH5NU&%HEBk+%2E%&%B%o
2.3 ~ Y S S ~ H U ~ M Y ~ + ~ % W ~ ~ I
Mm#&&%%B%EEmE*qUB3!,B&&%%B%m2EB%&&%HR
H2E,B,B##Mo 70 +R%%tfE@%$G,%&&%%B%%%%H%H%$-RIFZT
I R ~ R , B A 80 + i t -e~ ,~xr l~~zn+*,*%sle~Rp, EI BRPEBB-~B
668 aawafi 16 %
8 ,Bf l&sfa%&&%@gsaH%m%A ,iE&&@BM2Rfi%MB*S@5t@
%%,Tlii%@EH#&&%%HF%&%&@%$~%-HfR8%m3&o Marcel %I
hder(l996)8#Z@+&#Z9J:%EH%3&8%%Zh tk7XB9bE%B#B~fi%,
B%ZptJ%%R%W&%B-#m,T%qUB%J ,ZBTE@l ,fi7X%BPHR+ ,@&5
9JIJ&mNtRR3H#%IWEH%3&HE,R ,fRft%%T%RBe%iE&d%EaBRsE$k+
8 , U F O Warren(l996)&$JH#&&%%H
% T E 4 3 @ % % % I W E % % S ~ ~ R B ~ M @ E ~ I ~ ~ V % B ~ ~ # H o ~ & B % &
&%%!n*s%B3&&@@%H%GaT&s%%+MB3%m%EB,#%% , %&
BlriJkm%*NfiEG@Frt;JBa%J,,PiFHx#H%V%mRe,mBE2&a%Jsfi\B
RBm3&%E8%7&&&%%%%,MTlii+B%IZE@
2.4 ~&&%%WF%-SSf~%~#l%i%
%it&&%mEEBA%.$H-kBE&sf%s%*Nm%e,,&TT$$a
#%%,$n%%&&f\%3&&%\k%&&%\@%&&%%%,@3T&&%m3-
tEzRZ0 H#,#%&&%H%m-+%3,#&&%%B%m2B&%%B%TB-%
.$. ~amanai(1996)iFljH%%Z#&Z%%H%TTE%%$AERB ,&RR# DNA U
G 4 B T B B PCR iFIl PCRT%,%@BBBtJ%B;4vl.bory(19%)8-H@&&%%+H
RT%B%%6%+%M%%B@@mM%J#H ,MTliiS!J! T NSO-%+?@X$Ti+$&?%
%%+@mR@@&%SM#%J#H,&%T;sl;M%+@MR@BfR8Hm;#&&%%
%%5RJHT9;%%flrtiJiY#?(?lR Sug;ura,1996)%I~&#@iYR($R Chauret %,1996)0 %
% ,#FS3~~%@J58fl3$ ,&.JLR6---3l%T0 &&&%%%%@~3&13%3T$k
f \%F&@%,%B*\#&%*%z%%%M-&%%3%,7X%R%EEPx#3H%
%,%it% m-@k&,iEB%&f%%#&&%%B%mEEB#TSa,M1%%ME
R+M#&R$R%iIlm3%0

W1-ZEI:(I)SOI ("I-) @TW 9661 dm&
069-S89 : (€ILL - 9661 V HPPA
9z - 12 : (Z - I)% WW *ww/O vr 9661 "aw ly u~Sno3-~~!lor v Z ---.I.
2181 - 1081 : (8)OC lpmaq -A 9661 X -%
OEV-61P : (€)SL W 9661 H d -A W muads
68ard hw~~n %FITI:* -&I- IOJ a*~ v .1661 H n s~alad
SOL - P69 : (E)U - 9661 A (I 3 (1 -103 A H lunH 3 d JTQ aP 3 1 arOOly
6L81- L981 : (9)U - 9661 d S IalhI H F%
€861 -€%I :EL - 2661 S Fa7
IOZ - €81 : (z)a nw 5661 a .I. --I
699 - 599 : (E)U Dm 9661 H T II0W
9z-n :(I& v=w.C8010mlacdjofnunor 5661 PI~WAW
€69 - 069 : (E) U Dw V 8
sss - 189 : (E)U - 9661 a 3 laJa0~1 r WWP~ II v=A~
vsn mW =TIF%I -A +? w& m1 d 3 as"83
ZOZ - 161 : (E)L -8 9661 T°F8 3 W uanS %ogauca
8n - zn : ( Z) I ~NP vr 9661 A 7 Lmly 3 a -a A 7
L99-OL9:(E)U m 9661 73flWH II3PT-I vraTW
ZSV-tw :(s-v)I c~~qpuo~qm 9661 r-r dw lyrplemaa rm03
P6L - 16L : (S)K -A PTl 9661 3 PP@W W 3 A 3 1-
089 - L99 : (E)U am 9661 n s
V-E:(P) W#@i&W 9661 E(e!@!%
%?iYR$3&Meti :kT1F%$$ElW%&#kl.$@% WI 3WZW%f @%~ila~~&
Z9E -9SE:(V)I Bf OBHY 0661 &&Hb