Abstract:Rhodiola phariensis (H. Ohla) S. H. Fu is native to China. This species is distributed in Xizang of China. So far no datum of its chemical constituents has been recorded. Fourteen crystalline substances were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethanol extractions of the rhizome of this plant. Thirteen of them were identified as 1-docosanol, cerotic acid, 1-nonadecanol, β-sitosterol, 1-hepacosanol, salidroside, maltose, gossypin, daucosterol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, gallic acid, umbelliferone by chemical and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C- NMR, and MS) analysis. Ⅹ was a new compound named pharienside. It‘ s structure was elucidated as p-O-galloy salidroside by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and chemical reactions. Gossypin was obtained from the genus Rhodiola L. for the first time.