Abstract:Pyrola calliantha is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, from which two chemical compounds were isolated. On the basis of spectroscopy (VU, IR, NMR, MS), a new compound, named hydroxylrenifolin was elucidated as 8-β-glucosyloxy-2-hydroxymethyl-7- methyl-1, 4-dihydronapthalene-5-ol (1). And another known compound was identified as catechin (3).