作 者 ：LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng
期 刊 ：植物分类学报 1998年 2期
Keywords:Eleutherococcus senticosus, Gynoecium development status, Mature embryo
Sacs, Fertilization, Polyspermy,
Abstract:
The development status of gynoecia in Eleutherococcus senticosus flowers is differ-
ent from that in ordinary plants. Female gametophytes of E. senticosus have not become
mature until the 6th day after anthesis. On the 6th day, 82.25% of embryo sacs in female
plants, and 67.25％ of those in hermaphroditic plants become mature, while the rest are
sterile, immature or degenerated with no fertilized embryo sacs observed. At the same time,
all embryo sacs degenerated and flowers withered in male plants. On the 7th day, a few em-
bryo sacs in female and hermaphroditic plants start being fertilized. Accompanying the differ-
entiation of embryo sacs, styles of female and hermaphroditic flowers start to expand and
their nectaries become mature gradually. After the 4th or 6th day of anthesis, stigmatic
papillae become conspicious and stigmata become white and open. In the meantime, the stig-
mata become receptive and the nectaries get active or reactive. By the 9th or 10th day, 40～
65 ％ of embryo sacs in female plants and 25～41% of those in hermaphroditic plants have
been fertilized. The whole process of fertilization in E. senticosus was observed. About 2 or
3 days after pollination, the two sperm nuclei start to fuse with the egg and the secondary
nucleus. The fertilization of E. senticosus belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. The
essential process of the fusion of male and female nuclei during syngamy may be generalized
as follows: (1) the contacting of male nucleus with the female one; (2) the fusion of nuclear
membranes between the male and female nuclei; (3) the despiralization of male spireme and
the appearance of male nucleolus inside the fertilized female nucleus; (4) the dispersion of
male chromatin and the mergence with the female chromatin, which is the sign of completion
of the fusion of the two nuclei. In addition, degeneration types of mature embryo sacs were
observed. And typical polyspermy and a series of cases in which extra sperms enter the em-
bryo sac are recorded.