Abstract:Plant cells are totipotent and competent to regenerate from differentiated organs through somatic embryogenesis and de novo organogenesis. De novo organogenesis refers to the in vitro formation of shoots or roots from culture explants. It is well known that shoot regeneration is dependent on phytohormone perception， acquisition of organogenetic competence， cell division progression， stem cell commitment and organ initiation.microRNA (miRNAs) are 21-24 nt noncoding gene regulators involved in many aspects of plant development. Here，we summarize the role of miRNAs in the acquisition of plant cell totipotency and de novo organogenesis.