作 者 ：徐迪,钟耀垣,曾玲,陈永,岑伊静,Beattie GAC2
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 8期 页码：3839~3847
Keywords:Ajuga nipponensis, secondary compounds, citrus red mite, repellency effect,
摘 要 ：研究了紫背金盘Ajuga nipponensis Makino各溶剂提取物和部分化合物对桔全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor雌成螨及其产卵的驱避作用。结果表明，石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较强的生物活性。在0.1 g·L-1时, 石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取物对该螨处理1ｄ后的产卵忌避率分别为：84.86％、69.88％； 2ｄ后为89.49％、82.19％；对雌成螨驱避率分别为：85.08％、6866％；2d后为50.96％、69.84％。乙酸乙酯萃取物经分离得到四类化合物，结果表明：馏分Ⅰ为长链脂肪酸混合物，具有较强生物活性，2000μg/ml和1000μg/ml处理1d后，产卵忌避率分别为：80.77％、74.77％；2ｄ后为73.81％、72.59％。2000μg/ml处理1d后对雌成螨的驱避率为：69.88％；2d后为74.24％。刺槐素Ⅱ、新克罗烷化合物Ⅲ和β-蜕皮甾酮Ⅳ在2000μg/ml均不表现活性。对馏分Ⅰ中的4个主要化合物单体进行活性测定，结果表明：十六烷酸、十六烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸乙酯和十八烷酸甲酯在2000μg/ml处理时，1d后，产卵驱避率分别为：75.18％、61.76％、59.18％和66.49％； 2d后产卵驱避率为：66.67％、3115％、46.75％和44.84％；雌成螨驱避率分别为：1d后，67.53％、63.79％、59.26％和68.00；2d后，67.23％、43.96％、4823％和6419％。在1000μg/ml处理时，1d 后，产卵驱避率分别为：59.21％、59.16％、57.02％和61.40％；1d后，雌成螨驱避率分别为：69.64％、61.43％、55.76％和64.00％。
Abstract:Repellency effects petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble extracts of Ajuga nipponensis Makino (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) against citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), adult females were studied. When 0.1 g·l-1 extracts were applied to mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco Sapindales: Rutaceae) leaves, oviposition repellency rates of the petroleum ether extracts on the leaf surfaces were 84.86%and 69.88% one and two days after treatment respectively, and those of ethyl acetate extracts were, 89.49%and 82.19% respectively for the same intervals. At the same concentration, and for the same intervals, the female repellency rates of petroleum ether extract were 85.08%and 68.88%, while those for the ethyl acetate extracts were 50.96% and 69.84% respectively. GC-MS, IR, NMR and MS were used to identify and analyze one fraction (fractionⅠ) and three compounds that were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. FractionⅠ, which comprised long chain fatty acids, had better bioactivity than the other fractions. At 1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ml oviposition repellency rates on treated mandarin leaf surfaces were 74.77% and 80.77%, and, 72.59% and 73.81%, respectively, 1 d and 2 d after mites were placed on treated leaves. At 2000 μg/ml, the female repellency rates were 69.88%and 74.24%, respectively, 1 d and 2 d after treatment. The three compounds were identified as acacetinⅡ, ajugacumbin B Ⅲ and 20-hydroxyecdysoneⅣ. None of these compounds had any repellency effect on citrus red mite females when they applied 2000 μg/ml to mandarin leaves. Repellency effects of four identified compounds in fractionⅠ, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid methyl ester, were also studied. All of these compounds were active against citrus red mite females when applied to mandarin leaves at 2000 μg/ml: oviposition repellency rates were 75.18%, 61.76%, 59.18%, and 66.49% respectively, one day after treatment, and 66.67%, 31.15%, 46.75%, and 44.84% respectively, two days after treatment. At the same concentration, female repellency rates for these chemicals were 67.53%, 63.79%, 59.26% and 68.00% respectively, one day after treatment, and 67.23%, 43.96%, 48.23%, 64.19%, respectively, two days after treatment. For 1000 μg/ml 1 d after treatment, oviposition repellency rates were 59.21%, 59.16%, 57.02%, 61.40% respectively for the four chemicals, and the female feeding repellency rates were 69.64%, 61.43%, 55.76%, 64.00% respectively.
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