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作 者 ：黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,巫厚长,骆鹏飞

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 8期 页码：3875~3881

关键词：朝鲜球坚蚧；寄主适合度；嗜食性指数；种群趋势指数；选择性指数；危害指数；

Keywords:Didesmococcus koreanus Broch, fitness of host plant, preference index (PI), index of population trend (I), selective index (SI), damage index (DI),

摘 要 ：在室外对8种寄主植物上朝鲜球坚蚧的刺吸、产卵以及种群动态进行了系统调查，并运用选择性指数（SI）、嗜食性指数（PI）、危害指数（DI）和种群趋势指数（I）等4种指数系统定量评价了8种寄主对朝鲜球坚蚧的适合度以及自然种群增长等的影响。结果表明，好、中、弱3种生长势的寄主对朝鲜球坚蚧的适合度由高至低的顺序均是桃、梅、李、杏、苹果、梨、樱和山楂；在一个生长季节内，8种寄主适合度总体变化均表现为正态分布形，呈弱-强-弱态势，都以6月份的8种寄主适合度表现最高，且以生长势好的寄主最高，中等的次之，弱的最差。朝鲜球坚蚧更趋向于梅、桃、李和杏寄主上刺吸取食和产卵，且若蚧存活率、卵的孵化率以及羽化率均较高，自然种群增长最快，4种指数均较大（SI>0.875、PI>5.469、I>5.75、DI>1.049）。桃、梅、李和杏寄主是该蚧的最适宜类寄主；苹果、梨和樱寄主植物是适宜类寄主；山楂为次适宜类寄主。PI与DI间回归方程为：PI= 03389+DI（r0.01=0.937）。8种寄主表皮毛密度、长度、皮层厚度和枝条直径等物理结构与适合度的强弱均呈负相关( r0.01=-0.976)，其对该蚧刺吸取食和产卵等行为起到抑制作用。山楂表皮毛密度、长度、皮层厚度和枝条直径分别是最适宜类寄主枝条4种物理结构指标平均值的2.73、3.27、2.77倍和3.47倍。这些对抗蚧育种、预测测报以及优化防治策略等具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract:By focusing on 8 host plant species including peach, plum, cherry plum, apricot, apple, pear, cherry and hawthorn, we investigated the feeding, oviposition and population dynamics of Didesmococcus koreanus in the fields. The fitness of host plants to D. koreanus was quantitatively measured with selective index (SI), damage index (DI) and preference index (PI). Moreover, index of population trend (I) was used as an important estimate for the influence of host plants on the natural population of D. koreanus. The results indicated that, under all three types of plant growing conditions, the order of fitness was peach, plum, cherry plum, apricot, apple, pear, cherry and hawthorn. The fitness of 8 host plants, presenting as a normal distribution, were consistently the best in June with a good growing condition ~ inferior medium growing condition~weak condition pattern. D. koreanus preferred to feed and oviposit on peach, plum, cherry plum and apricot, where they featured higher survival, eclosion and hatched rates and more rapid nymphae increase, and also higher values for other four indexes (SI value>0.875, PI value>5.469, I value>5.75, DI value>1.049). According to the fitness indexes, the host plants of D. koreanus may be divided into three categories, with peach, plum, cherry plum and apricot as the most suitable, apple, pear and cherry the suitable, and hawthorn the least suitable category. With the best linear regression equation of PI= -0.3389+DI, there was an obvious linear relation between PI, SI and DI(r0.01=0.937). Measuring and scanning showed that there was a significant negative correlation (r0.01 = -0.976) between fitness and the epicuticle hair numbers, hair length, epidermis thickness and branch diameter. The feeding and oviposition have been controlled by the physical characteristics of branches. Compared to the most suitable hosts, the epicuticle hair numbers, hair length, epidermis thickness and branch diameter of hawthorn were， respectively, 2.73、3.27、2.77 and 3.47 times higher. Above results may provide clues for resistance breeding, forecasting and optimizing control strategies.

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