摘 要 ：黑麂，为我国特有动物，被公认为目前世界上最珍稀的鹿科动物之一。为了更好地保护黑麂这一珍稀的濒危野生动物，基于黑麂线粒体控制区序列对遂昌分布中心的3个黑麂种群的遗传多样性和基因流进行了研究。结果显示，3个种群的36个个体中有13个变异位点，占分析序列长度的2.71%，且这13个变异位点皆为碱基置换，并未出现碱基插入或缺失的现象，并由此定义了12个单倍型。遗传多样性检测结果显示遂昌种群具有最高的遗传多样性，应予以优先保护。从Tajima′s D和Fu and Li′s D值的估算结果来看，这3个黑麂种群相对于中性进化的歧异度并没有明显的偏离（P＞0.1），没有明显的证据显示这3个黑麂种群间存在很强的平衡选择。3个种群间基因流 Nm均大于1，这3个黑麂种群间存在着较为丰富的基因流。3个黑麂种群单倍型间的序列差异为0.009，这表明这3个黑麂种群的单倍型未出现分化。
Abstract:Black muntjac are currently threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and human hunting, which has led to the extinction of three subspecies in the wild. In order to design effective conservation strategies for the black muntjac, we have investigated genetic diversity and gene flow in the black muntjac populations by analyzing about 480 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in 36 individuals sampled from Suichang, Songyang and Longquan. Black muntjac exhibited high mtDNA diversity with thirteen variable sites and twelve haplotypes identified. Neither the estimate of Tajima′s D nor that of Fu and Li′s D deviated significantly from the neutral selection hypothesis (P＞ 0.1) for three populations, showing no evidence of strong selective sweeps or balancing selection. Although there appears to be reasonably high gene flow among the three populations, these data single out the Suichang population as being highly genetically distinct and worthy of separate conservation consideration. Therefore, it is recommended that a breeding program for the Suichang population be established.