作 者 ：陈良,鲍毅新*,张龙龙,程宏毅,张家银,周元庆
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 5期 页码：1227~1237
Keywords:habitat selection, habitat usage, Black muntjac, Jiulong Mountain Nature Reserve,
摘 要 ：2005年7月至2006年6月，以浙江省九龙山国家级自然保护区上寮坑保护站为中心，在其周围随机设置6条样线，每隔200m地面距离设置固定样方，共设定442个20m×20m的固定样方，并在其中设置灌木测量样方442个，草本植物盖度测量样方2210个。分春、夏、秋、冬4季记录样方的植被类型、乔木盖度、灌木盖度、草本盖度、坡位、坡度、坡向、食物丰富度、海拔、人为干扰距离和水源距离等11类生态因子，并用痕迹法检查样方是否被黑麂利用。通过Vanderloeg选择系数（Wi）和Scavia选择指数（Ei）研究影响黑麂栖息地利用和选择性的各生态因子，并采用主成分分析的方法研究影响黑麂栖息地选择的关键因子，得到了黑麂栖息地选择的主要特征及其季节变化。结果表明：黑麂总体上倾向选择在针阔混交林、乔木盖度＞60%-80%、灌木盖度中等（＞20%-60%）、草本盖度中等（＞20%-60%）、食物丰富度高（＞68%）和人为干扰距离远的生境，对海拔高度和坡位的选择表现出季节迁移性。
Abstract:From July 2005 to June 2006, habitat selection and use by black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) were studied in Jiulong Mountain Natural Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China. Sampling plots were located every 200m along six redomly located transects, and a total of 442 plots were sampled. Vegetation type, % tree, shrub, grass cover, position on slope (upper medium, or lower), slope aspect, slope angle, food abundance, elevation, distance to nearest human disturbance, and the distance to nearest water source were recorded. Plots were examined seasonally to determine recent use by black muntjac. Selectivity of black muntjac for each environmental variable was calculated using the Vanderploeg and Scavia selectivity index for spring, summer, autumn and winter. Additionally, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was done to determine the important factors affecting habitat selection of the black muntjac in all four seasons. In spring, black muntjac preferred to select the environment of mixed forest sites with ＞60%-80% shrub cover, ＞20%-40% grass cover, high food abundance (＞68%), medium slope position, gentle slope (＞15-30°), Altitude between 1000m and 1200m, and human disturbance ＞1000m. In summer, black muntjac select the environment of mixed forest sites with ＞20%-60% tree cover, ＞20%-40% grass cover, high food abundance (＞68%), upper slope position, high slope (＞30-45°), and elevation ＞1200m. In autumn, black muntjac select sites with ＞20%-40% shrub and grass cover, medium and lower slope position, medium slope (＞15-30°), high food abundance (＞68%), elevation between 1000m and 1200m, and distance to nearest human disturbance and water source＞1000m. In winter, black muntjac preferred to select the environment of coniferous forest sites with ＞60%-80% tree cover, ＞20%-60% shrub cover, ＞40%-60% grass cover, lower slope position, medium slope (＞15-30°), southward aspect, high food abundance (＞68%), and distance to nearest water source ＞500 m. PCA indicated that % tree cover, slope, food abundance and distance to nearest human disturbance were important factors influencing black muntjac habitat selection in spring. Percent tree cover, slope, aspect, elevation, and distance to nearest human disturbance were important factors in the summer. In the autumn, key factors influencing habitat selection were % tree cover, slope, slope position and food abundance. Percent tree cover, slope, slope position, and distance from water resources were important factors affecting habitat selection in the winter. These results demonstrate seasonal changes in habitat selection by black muntjac and will improve management of endangered black muntjac population.
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