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作 者 ：张汝民,王玉芝,侯平,温国胜,高岩*

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 8期 页码：2191~2204

关键词：冷蒿；牧草；水浸提液；抗氧化物酶；化感作用；

Keywords:Artemisia frigida, pasture plant, aquatic extract, antioxidant enzyme, allelopathy,

摘 要 ：采用沙培法对草木樨、披碱草、冰草和羊草进行幼苗生长试验，研究了不同浓度冷蒿茎叶水浸提液处理对4种牧草幼苗生长、根系活力、叶绿素含量以及抗氧化保护酶活性的影响，并采用气相色谱\|质谱（GC\|MS）联用技术对冷蒿茎叶水浸提液的化学成分进行了分析。结果表明：冷蒿茎叶水浸提液对草木樨、披碱草、冰草和羊草4种牧草幼苗生长有明显的影响，这种影响效应与牧草的种类及冷蒿茎叶水浸提液浓度显著相关。其中，25mgDw?mL-1的冷蒿茎叶水浸提液均表现出对4种牧草幼苗生长指标有极显著的抑制作用（P < 0.01），4种牧草幼苗根系活力分别降低了46.7%、65.9%、59.3%和66.7%，草木樨、披碱草和羊草幼苗叶绿素含量分别下降了47.3%、56.6%和46.7%。当冷蒿茎叶水浸提液浓度为10mgDw?mL-1时，对4种牧草幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有显著的促进作用；当浓度为25mgDw?mL-1时，对4种牧草幼苗体内SOD、POD和CAT活性有显著的抑制作用，同时使幼苗体内丙二醛（MDA）的含量显著增加。冷蒿茎叶水浸提液有30种化感类次生代谢化合物，主要成分是樟脑（27.6%）、龙脑（10.1%）、蓍草苦素（9.8%）、桉树脑（8.7%）、喇叭烯醇（4.1%）和对-1\|薄荷烯-4\|醇（4.1%），占总量的60%以上。

Abstract:In order to understand the interaction of Artemisia frigida with other pasture plants, we studied the effects of the aquatic extract from stem and leaves of A. frigida on the growth, root activity, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant defense system in seedlings of Melilotus officinalis Lam., Elymus dahuricus Turcz., Agropyron cristatum L. and Leymus chinensis by using sand culture method, and analyzed the chemical components of the extract using GC\|MS. Results showed that the aquatic stem and leaf extract of A. frigida had significant allelopathic effects on seedling growth in M. officinalis, E. dahuricus, A. cristatum and L. chinensis, with the effects varying with the type of pasture plants and the concentration of the extract. The seedling growth index in M. officinalis, E. dahuricus, A. cristatum and L. chinensis was highly significantly inhibited by treatment with 25mgDw?mL-1of the aquatic extract; the root activity in the seedlings of the four pasture plants were reduced by 46.7%, 65.9%, 59.3%, and 66.7%, respectively, and the chlorophyll content in M. officinalis, E. dahuricus, and L. chinensis were reduced by 47.3%, 56.6%, 46.7%, respectively, compared with the control. At 10mgDw?mL-1, the extract significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); whereas at 25mgDw?mL-1 the extract reduced the activities of those enzymes while significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the seedling of the four pasture plants. 30 secondary metabolic compounds were identified in the aquatic stem and leaf extract of A. frigida. The main compounds were camphor (27.6%), borneol (10.1%), achillin (9.8%), cineole (8.7%), ledene alcohol (4.1%) and p\|menth-1\|en-4\|ol (41%), which all together accounted for 60% of the total.

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