作 者 ：李莲芳,曾希柏*,白玲玉
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 9期 页码：4372~4380
Keywords:farmlands, copper content, zinc content, accumulation,
摘 要 ：通过对山东寿光表层农业土壤(0~20cm)铜和锌的调查研究，了解不同农业利用方式下土壤铜和锌含量的差异，揭示其空间分布规律及其累积特征。从研究区域采集来自设施菜地、露天菜地、小麦/玉米/棉花地和自然土壤等4类当地主要农业利用方式的土壤(n=127)，样点覆盖寿光整个农业生产区域。结果表明，山东寿光农业土壤的铜含量均值为26.43mg?kg-1，极差69.11 mg?kg-1，锌含量均值为80.50mg?kg-1，极差210.8 mg?kg-1。不同农业利用方式的土壤铜锌含量从高至低的顺序均为：设施菜地>露天菜地>小麦/玉米/棉花地>自然土壤，不同农业土壤铜锌含量均出现了明显累积趋势，其中，以设施菜地的累积问题最为突出，其铜锌含量分别为33.91、124.2mg?kg-1，显著高于其它农业利用土壤类型, 但均未超过国家土壤环境质量II级标准；从研究区域铜锌含量的空间分布看，当地农业土壤铜锌含量均表现为北部、南部区域较低、中部地带较高的趋势；在集约化种植模式下，设施菜地铜锌含量随着设施年限的延长显著增加(p<0.05)，其累积速率分别为1.49mg?kg-1?a-1和2.59mg?kg-1?a-1，这可能与铜锌含量相对较高的有机肥大量施用有关。
Abstract:This paper presented the differences among the content of copper and zinc in the upper soils (0-20cm) under different agricultural practices and their corresponding spatial distribution through the investigation in Shouguang, Shandong province. The characteristics of accumulation of copper and zinc content in the farmlands and natural field of the studied region were also discussed. In this study, a total of 127 soil samples were collected from greenhouse vegetable field, open vegetable field, wheat/maize/cotton field and natural field. The sampling location covered all the agricultural production region of Shouguang County. The results indicated that the range for the content of copper in local agricultural lands was 69.11 mg·kg-1 with the average content 26.43 mg·kg-1, and the range for zinc was 210.8 mg·kg-1 with the average amount of 80.50 mg·kg-1. In comparison with different agricultural lands, the highest concentration for copper and zinc appeared in the vegetable land under protected cultivation with the average content of 33.91 mg·kg-1 for copper, 1.38-156 times higher than that of any other agricultural land, and the content of zinc was 124.2 mg·kg-1, which is also 1.49-1.69 times higher than that in soils of other agricultural lands. The content of copper and zinc in different soils ranked in this order: Greenhouse vegetable field > Open vegetable lands > Wheat/maize/cotton field > Contrast soils. Though accumulation of copper and zinc in agricultural soils occurred in different agricultural lands, the content of copper and zinc did not exceed the permitted limit. The spatial distribution map of copper and zinc showed that relatively higher content occurred in the middle part, and relatively lower concentration appeared in the northern and southern region. Under the pattern of intensive farming, the content of copper and zinc in vegetable land under protected cultivation increased significantly in linear trend (p<0.05) with the cultivation years prolonged, and related accumulation rate in soils was 149 mg kg-1 a-1 for copper and 2.59 mg·kg-1 a-1 for zinc, which was probably related to application of abundant organic fertilizer with high content of copper and zinc.
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