Abstract:The development and use of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has been a topic of considerable public debate in recent years. The majority of studies addressing potential risks of GMP cultivation have addressed only aboveground effects. However, recent methodological advances in soil microbial ecology have allowed research focus to move underground to try to gain knowledge of GMP\|driven effects on the microbial communities and processes in soil. In order to deeply understand the effect of Roundup Ready soybean (RRS) on diversity of rhizospheric bacteria in black soils, DGGE\| cloning and traditional culture\|depending methods were used. The results of traditional culture\|depending methods showed that the bacterial density isolated from rhizospheric soil of RRS grown was significantly lower than those of its parent and other genotype soybeans(P<0.05)；DGGE fingerprint indicated that the number of bands of bacterial 16SrDNA，the bacterial diversity indexes and homogeneous degrees indexes in rhizospheric soil of RRS grown were all lower than other treatments. Cluster analysis demonstrated that fingerprint of RRS was different from those of RRS\|S and Y\|S with similarity being only 64% and 64.4%, which indicated that RRS may change the bacterial communities in the soil. The experimental results of DGGE\| cloning showed the sequence of absent band 1 and band 12 respectively were belong to Uncultured bacterium and phylum Nitrospira genus Nitrospira, and particularly, minimum genetic distance of band 1 reached 0.4 compared with other excised bands. The band 2, 4,5,11 from all treated soil were all belong to uncultured bacterium, but the bands from RRS released soil were weaker. The study revealed that the release of RRS in Black soil decreased the amount and diversity of bacteria in rhizospheric soil in different degrees, and phylum Nitrospira genus Nitrospira was inhibited in rhizospheric soil.