摘 要 ：生态环境问题受到了日益广泛的关注，生态恢复也在各地蓬勃开展，但生态恢复工程的开展迫切需要相关理论研究的指导。采用假定生态恢复情景的方法，在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下，利用分布式水文模型SWAT（Soil and Water Assessment Tool）对陇西黄土高原的典型流域——华家岭南河流域进行了多种生态恢复情景模型的设计，并模拟了不同生态恢复情景下径流和蒸散发的响应情况。得出：在南河流域草地比森林植被涵养水源的作用更强，模拟年均径流深比林地低91%，而蒸散发却高2.2%，所以南河流域生态恢复过程中种草是十分必要的。结果同时表明，应用SWAT模型进行流域尺度的生态恢复水文响应研究是可行高效的。
Abstract:Ecological degradation is a growing concern, and efforts to restore landscapes to more pristine conditions have begun in different areas. However, this restoration work commonly proceeds without the benefit of appropriate theoretical guidance. In this paper, a new approach is presented to predict how the water balance may shift in response to different restoration scenarios. Ten ecological restoration scenarios with different land covers were simulated for the Nanhe River Basin, on the Longxi Loess Plateau, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Grassland was predicted to result in lower evapotranspiration and greater runoff compared to higher evapotranspiration and lower runoff for forest. Therefore, grass will be a preferred choice in ecological restoration practices in the Nanhe River Basin. This paper demonstrates the value of SWAT when predicting hydrological responses to ecological restoration at a watershed scale.