作 者 ：陈云峰,曹志平*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：6862~6871
Keywords:soil organism, protozoa, nematode, mites, functional group,
摘 要 ：甲基溴熏蒸作为一种控制土传病害的技术，不仅对大气臭氧层有破坏作用，而且对土壤中的有益生物也有不利影响。2005-2006年，对山东省寿光市番茄温室土壤进行甲基溴（50 g/m2）熏蒸，调查甲基溴熏蒸对土壤食物网结构和功能群的影响。结果表明：甲基溴熏蒸显著抑制了土壤微生物生物量C及微生物生物量N，减少了原生动物（鞭毛虫、纤毛虫、肉足虫）、线虫（根结线虫二龄幼虫、食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫、食植物线虫、杂食性线虫）及螨类的丰度。在整个番茄生长期间，与对照相比，微生物生物量C、微生物生物量N、原生动物总丰度、线虫总丰度、螨总丰度分别下降了45.9%、44.8%、9.5%、93.6%、895%。熏蒸后，土壤食物网功能群数目、联通度、食物链最大长度和平均长度均降低。由此可见， 甲基溴熏蒸后抑制了土壤中的生物，使整个食物网结构更简单。
Abstract:Soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) has been effectively used for decades to control soil borne pathogens. However, because of ozone-depleting and negative effects on soil beneficial organism, its use has been limited. Recently, several researches have been reported on the use of alternative technologies to replace MB. In this sense, we have studied the impact of MB on functional groups and the community structure in the soil food web with objective to provide the theory support for the selection of MB alternative technologies. The experiments were conducted in a tomato greenhouse during 2005-2006 in Shouguang city, Shandong province, China. 50g/m2 MB were injected at conventional polyethylene mulching films to fumigate the soil before the tomato transplant and control received without MB. Microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), protozoa (including three functional groups of flagellates, ciliates and amoeba), nematode (including four functional groups of bacterial-feeding nematodes, fungi-feeding nematodes, plant-parasite nematodes, omnivores-predators nematodes and the second stage juvenile of root-knot nematodes) and mites (including four functional group of predatory, omnivorous, non-cryptostigmatic, cryptostigmatic and nemaotophagous mites and the Larva and nymph mites) were compared at seven sampling times. Also, the structure of the soil food web composed with the functional groups within the unfumigated and fumigated soil was compared. The results showed that MB fumigation suppressed significantly MBC, MBN, the abundance of functional groups of flagellates, ciliates, amoebae, bacterial-feeding nematodes, fungi-feeding nematodes, plant-parasite nematodes, omnivores nematodes, the second stage juvenile of root-knot nematodes, and the total abundance of protozoa, and mites. Compared to the unfumigated soil, the MBC, MBN, total abundance of protozoa, nematode and mites decreased 45.9%、44.8%、95%、93.6% and 89.5% during the whole tomato growth stage,respectively. After soil fumigation, the number of functional groups, connectance, maximum and mean food chain length of fumigated soil food web decreased as well. It is concluded that MB fumigation decreased the abundance of each functional groups and the complexity of the soil food web structure. The MB alternative technologies that don′t affect and even promoted the soil beneficial organism were suggested.
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