作 者 ：吴楠,高吉喜*,苏德毕力格,Taylor H. Ricketts,罗遵兰,李岱青,田美荣
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 14期 页码：3792~3801
Keywords:pollination on crop, ecosystem service, Laojunshan, Apis cerana Fabricius,
摘 要 ：为科学评估野生传粉昆虫对农作物授粉生态系统服务能力以及空间格局，基于不同土地利用/覆被类型上各种野生传粉蜂的蜜粉源植物和其巢穴资源的可得性，并结合其传粉的飞行行为及对其传粉有一定依赖性的作物，以ArcGIS9.2为平台构建了针对每个农作物像元的生态系统传粉授粉服务能力评估模型。并在云南丽江老君山地区，以当地野生东方蜜蜂（Apis cerana Fabricius）为例进行了模型的应用。结果表明：当地野生东方蜜蜂在森林的平均生境质量指数最高，达到2.24×10-2；而在栽培植被最低，为0.37×10-2。由于研究区西部农作物区分布零散，周边天然林可提供丰富的蜜粉源和栖息地；而东部农作区集中连片，作物相单一，传粉有较大的空间障碍，且周边多为次生林，研究区农田范围内授粉服务能力空间分布呈现“西高东低”格局。
Abstract:Evaluation of the ecosystem service ability of pollination on crop and its spatial pattern scientifically as well as the corresponding management measures have significances on improvement of human welfare protection and sustainable utilization of living pollination resources. The wild pollinators need both fitting nesting sites and enough pollen and nectar resources. The evaluation model was based on different types of land use/cover. It used the availability of nesting sites and pollen and nectar resources which have important effect on wild pollinators′ habitat and simulate its suitability of distribution (habitat quality index). It used the focal analysis method to simulate the potential quantity index of pollinator which flied to specific crops (the ability of pollination service) by integrating the max distance that wild pollinators travel to forage on flowers and the distribution of crops which need pollination. Taking the native wild Apis cerana Fabricius in Laojunshan Yunnan Province as an example, the simulated results of this model showed that the average habitat quality index of wild Apis cerana Fabricius in forest was the highest (2.24×10-2) because most wild Apis cerana Fabricius nested in tree cavities or earth cavities in forest of sunlit side and forest with abundant pollen and nectar resources. On the contrary, the average habitat quality index of wild Apis cerana Fabricius in cultivated vegetation area was the lowest (0.37×10-2) because the cultivated vegetation area had high intensity of human disturbance thus the natural environment and living condition were relatively poor. In the western study area, the farming region was scattered distribution which all located in Laojunshan National Nature Reserve thus pesticide and chemical fertilizer was rarely applied. It had abundant pollen and nectar resources and nesting sites supplied by the surrounding natural forest. The study area in eastern has lower relief on landform and larger population. The farming region was concentrated distribution and the vegetation type was single and surrounded by the secondary forest that had larger spatial obstacles of pollination. Therefore, from the holistic point of view, the spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service ability was higher in the western area than in the eastern. In order to increase the farming region′s pollination ability in the eastern area, improving the plant diversity on ridges of crop land was suggested. The concrete measures were planting considerable amount of herbaceous plants and (or) retaining a specific number of forest or wild weeds coexisted with crops. On the other hand, it should attach the importance to protection of natural vegetation surrounding the crop land in eastern, especially the natural forest resource.
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