作 者 ：宋晓龙,李晓文*,张明祥,张黎娜,李东来
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 15期 页码：3953~3965
关键词：黄淮海地区；系统保护规划；不可替代性；保护空缺；湿地保护网络；
Keywords:HuangHuaiHai Region, systematic conservation planning, irreplaceability, conservation gaps, wetland conservation network,
摘 要 ：以黄淮海地区为研究对象，首先分析了区域现有湿地保护状况，再基于湿地类型、保护状况和目标保护物种分布，综合考虑GDP、人口密度等社会经济因素，以湿地生物多样性保护为目标，运用系统保护规划的理论和方法，以Marxan作为空间优化模型，进行多目标的湿地系统保护预案设计，构建区域湿地不同保护水平的保护空缺和不可替代性格局，确定合理的湿地系统保护格局。研究结果表明：现有的湿地保护体系仅覆盖了区域17%左右的湿地，尚有许多重要生境游离于现有保护区系统外。为完善黄淮海地区湿地保护体系，需要对黄海海区域内28个保护区进行功能区划调整或者保护等级提升，并在山东（5个县）和河北（4个县），河南、江苏和安徽（各3个县），北京和天津(各1个县)等20个县市内建立新的保护区，与现有湿地保护系统有机整合，最终形成一个黄淮海地区湿地生物保护网络合理格局。结果表明：同其他相关研究方法对比，系统保护规划方法在区域大尺度生物多样性保护方面更具有意义；同时也表明该方法在中国的应用前景广阔。
Abstract:With vast area of wetlands (coastal estuaries, semi-arid rivers, lakes, and other typical wetlands) and rich biodiversity (especially water-birds), HuangHuaiHai Region (HHHR) has its uniqueness and irreplaceability at local, regional and global scales. HHHR not only provides huge suitable habitats for various wildlives, but also plays very import role in providing great ecosystem service for local people. However, due to intensive human activities in HHHR during the half past century, wetlands have long been suffering from large-scale destruction and increasing degradation. Therefore, it′s essential to develop an efficient wetland conservation network based on existing reserve system evaluation to protect wetlands resources. In order to optimize wetland reserve system effectively, we firstly evaluated the status of existing reserves system We then, taking wetland biodiversity conservation as goal, identified conservation gaps based on the existing wetland reserves system evaluation in considering the wetland types, target species distribution, wetland reserves distribution and socio-economical factors, such as GDP, population, etc. and established wetland conservation scenarios and irreplaceable patterns based on different conservation levels in HHHR by using the theory and methodology of Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) and worldwide Marxan space-optimized software. Finally, we, taking the consideration of integrity and connectivity, compared those scenarios to confirm the optimized planning and integrated with the existing reserve system to develop the optimized wetlands conservation network. In this process, we kept making sure that the results of planning can be overlapped onto the countys′ maps. The results showed that: the existing reserve system covered only about 17% of wetlands; lots of potential habitats were still under the risk of human destroy. To improve and optimize the spatial pattern of existing wetland conservation system in HHHR, it was necessary to adjust the function zonings or to upgrade the protection level of 28 established reserves across these provinces: Shandong (6 reserves) Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Henan (4 reserves for each), Jiangsu and Anhui (3 reserves for each). As 20 counties have not been covered by current reserve system so far, we proposed to establish new wetland reserves across these provinces: Shandong (5 counties), Hebei (4 counties), Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui (3 counties for each), Beijing and Tianjin (1 county for each). These protected/adjusted areas proposed in this study should be well integrated with existing reserve system to form a larger and optimized conservation network system for HHHR. The implications of this study are: on the one hand, SCP had more far reaching importance in regional macro-scale biodiversity conservation compared to other related methods (Hotspot Analysis, GAP Analysis, etc.); on the other hand, SCP had a good potential of application and extension in China with meg-biodiversity.
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