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作 者 ：王有年,赵莉蔺,苗振旺,李登科,师光禄*

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 1期 页码：466~474

关键词：枣草间作；蚧虫群落；天敌功能团；多样性；生态位；关联度；

Keywords:jujube field intercropped with herbage, community of scale insects, natural enemy functional groups, diversity, niche, relational grade,

摘 要 ：2007年在太谷地区对间种牧草枣林蚧虫群落及其天敌功能团的组成与时空动态的研究结果表明：不同处理枣林蚧虫群落及其天敌功能团的组成、多样性与丰盛度时序动态、时空二位生态位的宽度与重叠以及关联度均有明显(P<0.05)的差异，枣林种草结合有害生物综合管理，不仅有利于天地功能团的保护合理用，而且对蚧虫的控制，改善枣林生态环境均具有促进作用，同时发现种草林的寄生性天敌功能团对枣树蚧虫的控制能力要比未种草枣林强。相关性测定表明，天敌群落学的研究可以用功能团来替代物种而进行，它既能反应各类群间的动态关系，又简化了调查分析工作。

Abstract:To understand the influence and action evaluation of the scale insects and functional groups of natural enemies on jujube trees by intercropped herbage at jujube forestry, a systematic survey was made at the jujube forestry with different treatments located west of Taigu (111°32′E, 37°26′N, 788.9 m elevation), Shanxi Province in 2007. The three of the four different treatments at jujube forestry were intercropped with herbage (Astrugalus complanatus) and managed with IPM, conventional pest management and without any pest management separately. The fourth one wasn′t intercropped with any herbage and with conventional pest management. In each of the all different treatments of jujube forestry, five trees were chosen according to the chessboard sampling method to monitor the population dynamics of the natural enemies and pests. The trees were monitored every 10 days from March 10th to September 30th. Each of all four treatments was replicated three times. The natural enemies and scale insects were distinguished based on their trophic relationships and taxonomy. Indices of abundance and diversity of the functional groups of natural enemies and scale insects were used to analyze and compare the influence and action evaluation of the enemy functional groups and scale insects for all different treatments. Breadth and overlapped of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches and relational grade were compared. The systematic survey showed that there were significant difference (P<0.05) of the diversity and abundance and breadth and overlapped of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niches and relational grade of the scale insects and functional groups of natural enemies on the trees at the different types of jujube forestry. The result suggested that jujube forestry with herbage have obvious effect to the structure and dynamics of the scale insects and functional groups of natural enemies on jujube trees. The jujube forestry with herbage could improve the population of functional groups of natural enemies which had been severely reduced by spraying of the widespectrum insecticides. The controlling abilities of parasitic natural enemies to scale insects was better in jujube forestry with herbage than that without herbage. So the jujube forestry with herbage is of great benefit to the biological control of the pests. The results from relational grade suggested that the controlling abilities of the enemy functional groups to the pests were better in the jujube forestry with herbage than that without herbage. The result from relativity mensuration showed that study of the scale insects and natural enemy community could be conducted by using functional groups in stead of species.

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