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作 者 ：江丽容,刘守安,韩宝瑜*,欧阳立明

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 18期 页码：4993~5000

关键词：茶尺蠖成虫；寄主植物；非寄主植物；引诱；驱避；植物气味；

Keywords:Ectropis obliqua adult, host plant, non-host plant, attraction, repellency, plant odours,

摘 要 ：为探讨茶园生态系中植物气味对茶尺蠖成虫行为的影响, 遂以茶园群落中7种常见植物新鲜嫩梢为味源, 设1.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、15.0、20.0 g和30.0 g剂量, 洁净空气为CK1, 用Y型嗅觉仪对茶尺蠖成虫进行的剂量反应结果为: ①剂量为1.5 g时寄主薄荷诱得的成虫数与CK1的差异显著; 随着剂量增加, 其诱得成虫数呈抛物线式递减; 剂量为30.0 g时其诱得成虫数显著小于CK1。② 随着剂量的加大, 寄主迷迭香、茶叶和吸毒草诱得成虫数呈抛物线式递增, 剂量分别为7.5、10.0 g和15.0 g、以及10.0 g时, 3种寄主分别与CK1引诱成虫数的差异显著; 当剂量再加大, 3种寄主皆表现驱避效应, 当剂量为30.0 g时迷迭香诱得成虫数显著小于CK1。③ 当剂量为1.5 g时, 寄主万寿菊呈微弱引诱效应, 当剂量再增加时则呈微弱驱避效应且驱避效应增强, 当剂量为30.0 g时其诱得成虫数显著小于CK1。 ④当剂量为5.0 g时，寄主碰碰香无引诱或驱避效应; 剂量为7.5 g时, 碰碰香呈微弱引诱效应; 当剂量再增加时则呈微弱驱避效应。 ⑤当剂量为5.0、7.5、10.0 g, 非寄主薰衣草未呈现引诱或驱避; 当剂量再增加时则呈驱避效应; 当剂量为30.0 g时其诱得成虫数显著小于CK1。再以正己烷为溶剂, 取新鲜薄荷、万寿菊、茶叶嫩梢榨汁, 汁液浸泡橡皮头24 h以汲取气味, 制成诱芯, 气味以当量计算, 即1.5 g 薄荷/诱芯、0.75 g 薄荷/诱芯、1.5 g万寿菊/诱芯、1.5 g 茶叶/诱芯; 以正己烷浸泡橡皮头24 h作为CK2。诱芯附于土黄色粘板组成诱捕器, 连续7d诱捕第5代成虫, 每日更换色板, 均有较强诱捕效应; 从1.5 g 薄荷/诱芯、CK2、1.5 g万寿菊/诱芯、0.75 g 薄荷/诱芯至1.5 g 茶叶/诱芯, 诱效显著增加; 1.5 g 薄荷/诱芯的诱效显著弱于CK2。在第5代茶尺蠖幼虫期, 取1/6hm2茶园各3个作为诱捕小区, 同样大小的3块茶园作为CK3, 查虫口基数。第5代发蛾盛期, 在每诱捕小区均匀放置5种诱捕器各7只, 连续诱捕7日, 每日更换色板, 第6代幼虫虫口校正下降率30％。由试验结果认为：植物气味有效调节茶尺蠖成虫行为, 薄荷诱效稍强于茶叶, 熏衣草有驱避效应。

Abstract:In order to determine the effects of the plant odours in the tea plantation ecosystems on the adult behaviour of the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua (Prout), the fresh tender shoots of seven species of common plants in the tea plantation community were tested as odor sources at the dosages of 1.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 30.0 g, respectively, against the clear air as CK1 using a Y-shape olfactometer. The results showed as follows: ① The number of the geometrid adults responding to peppermint Mentha haplocalyx was significantly more than that to CK1 at the dosage of 1.5 g (P< 005), the number descended in a non-monotonic parabolic curve fashion with dosage, and was even significantly less than that to CK1 at the dosage of 30.0 g (P<0.05). ② The responses to rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis, tea Camellia sinensis and lemon balm Melissa officinalis increased in a non-monotonic “inverted U-shaped” dose-response curve pattern; and the numbers of adults responding to these three species of hosts were significantly more than those to CK1 (P＜0.05) at the dosage of 7.5 g, 10.0/15.0 g, and 10.0 g, respectively. However, they exhibited repellent effect on the adults at higher dosages. The number of the geometrid adults responding to rosemary was significantly less than that to CK1 at the dosage of 30.0 g (P<0.05). ③ Host marigold Tagetes erecta displayed a weak attraction at the lowest dosage (1.5 g), and showed a weak repellency at higher dosages. The number of the adults oriented to marigold was significantly less than that to CK1 at the dosage of 30.0 g (P<0.05). ④ Host patchouli Pelargonium odoratissimum showed no effects at the dosage of 5.0 g, but exhibited a weak attraction at the dosage of 7.5 g, and a weak repellent effect as the dosage further increased. ⑤ Non-host lavender Lavandula officinalis was inactive at the dosages of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g, but exhibited a weak repellent effect at higher dosages. The number of the geometrid adults responded was significantly less than that to CK1 at the dosage of 30.0 g (P<0.05). Hexane extracts of fresh tender shoots of peppermint, marigold and tea were loaded onto rubber septa; they were immersed in the plant extracts for 24 hours before testing. Five types of rubber septa lures were prepared, i. e. 1.5 g peppermint equivalent/lure, 0.75 g peppermint equivalent/lure, 1.5 g marigold equivalent/lure, and 1.5 g tea equivalent/lure plus a hexane immersed lures as CK2. Each lure was attached onto an earthy yellow sticky plate for a seven day field bioassay in tea plantations during the adult stage of the 5th generation. These yellow plates were checked and replaced every day. All the treatment lures and CK2 exhibited a strong attraction to the moth.Traps baited with 1.5 g peppermint-lure caught significantly less moths than did the CK2, whereas other plant extract lures showed significantly higher trap catches than did the CK2 (i.e. 1.5 g tea/lure >0.75 g peppermint/lure > 1.5 g marigold/lure > CK2). During the larval stage of 5th generation, three trapping plots and three check plots (CK3), about 1/6 hectare each were selected and the larval population density in each plot was investigated. During the emergence of the 5th generation adults, seven sets of the above-mentioned five types of traps were placed in each trapping plot for seven days. And these yellow plates (traps) were checked and replaced every day. Compared with the 5th genetration, the revised larval population decreasing percentage of the 6th generation was 30%. Our results suggest that the plant odours might effectively affect the adult behaviour of the tea geometrid, with the peppermint being slightly more attractive than tea whereas the lavender being significantly repellent.

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