作 者 ：周林滨,谭烨辉,黄良民*,连喜平
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 12期 页码：3319~3333
Keywords:aquatic, particle size spectrum, biomass size spectrum,
摘 要 ：介绍了水生生物粒径谱概念，粒径谱理论的提出背景及其发展历程。综述了浮游生物、底栖生物、微型生物和鱼类粒径谱的研究现状；并以粒径谱理论在鱼类潜在产量估算方面的应用为重点，介绍了粒径谱理论的应用。回顾了国内生物粒径谱研究现状；结合新陈代谢理论、宏生态学与粒径谱理论的联系，新的粒径测量手段的应用，传统分类方法与粒径方法的关系，以及粒径谱模型研究的特点，展望未来粒径谱研究的前景。认为粒径谱研究已经历了半个多世纪的发展和多个领域的应用，给人们以区别于传统物种分类的崭新视角，成为生态学研究，尤其是水生生态学研究的热点。目前水生生物包括浮游生物、底栖生物、微型生物和鱼类粒径谱/生物量谱的分析方法、模型和理论研究已取得了一些进展，但由于各类生物个体形态、结构呈现多样化，数据获取的难度以及其他各种因素影响，使得研究工作发展缓慢，海洋生物粒径谱研究尤其困难。随着海洋生物资源评估、利用与渔业生态系统管理的需要，应重视加强粒径谱/生物量谱的研究，包括不同类型生物的粒径分布曲线、捕食与被捕食之间的关系、新陈代谢特征、时空尺度变异、粒径谱模型的假设条件和新模型的建立，以及先进测量技术应用等，这将是今后粒径谱/生物量谱研究需要引起关注的重点内容。
Abstract:Because body size is closely related to metabolism, size spectrum is a powerful approach to understanding biological regularities of different organization levels, and can be used to effectively describe the status of ecosystems due to its merits compared with the approach of traditional taxonomy. Here we introduce the concepts, background and developmental history related to aquatic particle /biomass size spectrum. Size spectrum model contributes substantially to size spectrum theory, and a series of models including Sheldon-model and T-D model represent the basic developmental history of size spectrum theory, and constitute the framework of size spectrum theory. Modeling is still an effective way to probing the mechanism and impacting factors of size-spectrum formation in ecosystems or communities. Studies on benthic, planktonic, microbial and fish size-spectra were reviewed. Many theoretical and experiential studies on plankton size spectra supported the consensus that energy is allocated to the entire organism community by a highly organized manner in the stable tropical or subtropical oceanic area, which is in favor of a regular size structure that can maintain stability over time. However, size spectra are less regular in temperate and polar sea, and lakes, rivers, estuarine and coastal waters where there is strong interaction between land and water. Benthic size spectra were more irregular and complex compared with planktonic size spectra. Easily-disturbed habitat, strong interaction between solid and liquid, and component organisms dominated by grazers and saprophagous organisms may be reasons for this irregularities and complexities. Microbes（<200μm）and fish are the indispensable part of an integrated size spectra of a ecosystem, and generally represent the start and end of energy transfer, respectively. Microbes include diverse species with various feed types, which makes it is necessary to combine species classification with size determination for studies of microbial size spectra. Fish size spectrum is closely related to fishing levels, and able to reflect disturbance from human beings, therefore it can be used for the monitoring of aquatic environment and fishery resources. Although it is still controversial about some details of size spectrum theory, size spectrum theory has been applied in many fields, such as ecosystem description and monitoring. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of three methods of estimation of potential fish yield based on size spectrum theory. And with the application to estimating potential fish yield as the focus, applications of size spectrum theory were discussed. Then, the current status of size-spectrum studies in China was analyzed. Size-spectrum studies in China have been started, but it is still in early stage. It is proposed that more attention should be invested in this field. Finally, based on the relationship between metabolic theory, macroecology and size spectrum theory, the application of new size measurement methods, the relationship between traditional taxonomic approach and particle size approach, and the traits of size-spectra modeling, the prospect of particle/biomass size spectrum study was proposed. We proposed that new development in metabolic theory and macroecology, and the application of new size measurement methods are bound to promote new discoveries in size spectra. The combination between traditional taxonomy, size spectrum, and modeling will be an important approach to future size spectrum study.
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