期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 6期 页码：2455~2455～2462
Keywords:urban vegetation, dust retention capacity, heavy metal, sulfur, remote sensing,
摘 要 ：城市植被对城市环境质量的改善发挥了巨大作用。研究了广东省惠州市不同功能区4种主要绿化乔木（大叶榕、小叶榕、高山榕、紫荆）的滞尘能力，比较了不同功能区叶面降尘的重金属和S含量差异，并利用遥感影像技术估算了惠州城市植被的地面总生物量及叶总生物量，推算了惠州市的总滞尘量。结果表明：在达到饱和之前，4种绿化乔木叶面滞尘量随时间延长而增长，大叶榕、高山榕与紫荆、小叶榕两组植物的滞尘能力存在显著性差异 (p<0.05),滞尘能力差异为1.2～2.44 倍，不同植物滞尘量由大到小排列为:高山榕>大叶榕>小叶榕>紫荆；不同植物滞尘能力的差异尤其与植株的叶面积、叶倾角、枝条硬度、枝条伸展角度等相关。不同功能区植物滞尘量差异显著（p<0.01），4种植物在不同功能区的滞尘总量排序为：工业区>商业交通区>居住区>清洁区。不同功能区植物叶面降尘的重金属和硫含量存在显著性差异（p<0.05），降尘综合污染指数由大到小为：工业区（包括电厂）、商业交通区、居住区、清洁对照区；降尘中重金属含量高负荷。惠州建成区植被的地面生物量为32×105 t，叶面积总量为808.4 km2，全年滞尘量达4430.7 t，可去除大气中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、S的量分别为1.63，2.70，5.54，004，184，19.52 t。
Abstract:Urban vegetation plays an important role in improving the urban atmospheric environment. The dust retention capacities of four urban tree species (Ficus virens var. sublanceolata (Miq.)Corner, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus altissima, Bauhinia blakeana) in Huizhou, Guangdong Province have been determined. The heavy metal and sulfur content of foliar dust in different urban areas are compared. Total urban vegetation biomass in Huizhou was calculated by analysis of remote sensing images, whilst the total leaf area of vegetation in Huizhou and the amount of dust retention by the urban vegetation over a year has been estimated. The results indicated that the amount of dust retention by the four tree species increased with time before the foliar dust amount reached their maximum. Dust retention capacities between F. altissima, F. virens var. sublanceolata (Miq.)Corne and F. microcarpa, B. blakeana. were significant different by 1.2-2.44 times (p<005)，following the trend of F. altissima> F. virens var. sublanceolata (Miq.)Corner> F. microcarpa> B. blakeana. Trees species dust retention ability is especially related to their leaf area, leaf inclination angle, branch hardness, the angle of branch extension and so forth. Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, S contents in foliar dust and the amount of foliar dust for a given tree species in urban areas demonstrated remarkable differences between landuse (p<0.05), decreasing in the following order: the industrial area (IA), the commercial and transport infrastructure (CTA), the residential area (RA), and the control area (CA). There were extremely high loadings of heavy metals in the foliar dust in the urban areas, with the pollution index following the trend according to landuse: IA>CTA>RA>CA. The overall aboveground biomass of urban vegetation in the Huizhou built-up area was estimated to be 3.2×105 t, and its total leaf area, 808.4 km2 . The dust retention capacity was calculated at 4430.7 t per year. It could potentially remove approximately 1.63 t，2.70 t，5.54 t，004 t，1.84 t，19.52 t of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and S from the atmosphere, respectively.
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