作 者 ：张波,唐启升*,金显仕
期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 3期 页码：1099~1111
关键词：功能群；主要种类；高营养层次；生物群落；黄海生态系统；
Keywords:functional groups, major species, high trophic level, community, Yellow Sea ecosystem,
摘 要 ：根据2000年秋季和2001年春季在黄海的两次大面调查，选取生物量占总生物量90%的生物种类为研究对象，分析了黄海生态系统以及3个生态区（冷水团海域、近岸水域和黄海南部水域）春秋两季高营养层次生物群落的功能群组成及其主要种类。结果表明，黄海生态系统高营养层次生物群落包括6个功能群。按生物量排序为：浮游生物食性功能群、底栖动物食性功能群、鱼食性功能群、虾食性功能群、广食性功能群和虾/鱼食性功能群，各功能群营养级范围分别为3.22~3.35、3.30~3.46、4.04~4.50、3.80~4.00、3.38~3.79和4.01。黄海生态系统的主要功能群为浮游生物食性功能群和底栖动物食性功能群，占总生物量的79.6%；主要种类包括13种：小黄鱼、鳀、细巧仿对虾、银鲳、细点圆趾蟹、带鱼、黑鳃梅童、黄鲫、龙头鱼、双斑蟳、细纹狮子鱼、三疣梭子蟹和凤鲚，约占总生物量的70.6%。从不同季节看，春季黄海不同生态区高营养层次的营养级接近，而秋季差别较大，这主要与生物繁殖和索饵群体组成及摄食习性相关。从不同生态区看，黄海冷水团海域高营养层次生物群落以浮游生物食性功能群为主，受季节变化的影响较小，其高营养层次的营养级接近。黄海近岸水域和黄海南部水域高营养层次生物群落功能群组成受季节的影响较大，秋季的营养级均高于春季的营养级。这表明黄海冷水团海域较近岸水域和南部水域稳定，是黄海的一个典型的生态区域。
Abstract:Based on two bottom trawl surveys conducted in autumn of 2000 and spring of 2001 in the Yellow Sea, functional groups at high trophic levels in the Yellow Sea ecosystem and its three sub-ecoregions, i.e. the Yellow Sea cold water mass region, the Yellow Sea coastal water region and the southern Yellow Sea region, were analyzed. Species picked out for analysis covered more than 90% of the total catch in biomass, which were divided into six functional groups according to their feeding habits, planktivors, benthivores, piscivores, shrimp predators, generalist predators and shrimp/fish predators in order of biomass. The trophic levels of these functional groups were estimated as 3.22-3.35, 3.30-3.46, 4.04-450, 3.80-4.00, 3.38-3.79 and 4.01, respectively. In the Yellow Sea ecosystem, there were two major functional groups, planktivors and benthivores, which accounted for 79.6% of total biomass, and 13 major species, small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis), anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), Parapenaeopsis tenella, silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus), Ovalipes punctatus, largehead hairtail (Trichiurus haumela), croaker (Collichthys niveatus), half-fin anchovy (Setipinna taty), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus), Charybdis bimaculata, sea snail (Liparis tanakae), Portunus trituberculatus and long-tailed anchovy (Coilia mystus), which accounted for 70.6% of total biomass. The average trophic level of the populations at high trophic levels varied slightly between the three sub-ecoregions in spring, but greatly in autumn, as a reflection of the feeding habits of the migratory spawning and foraging populations. Planktivors formed the major functional group in the sub-ecoregion of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. The average trophic level of the populations at high trophic levels in this region was quite steady during a year, while that in both the sub-ecoregions of the Yellow Sea coastal water and the southern Yellow Sea changed much seasonally, higher in autumn than in spring. It indicates that the Yellow Sea cold water mass bring about a typical sub-ecoregion with more stable environment than others regions in the Yellow Sea ecosystem.
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