摘 要 ：农业面源污染已成为我国主要环境污染源，但目前缺乏一套针对农业生产的综合评价体系，作为对农业面源污染评估和监督的依据。根据生态效率理论，结合农业生产的特点，建立了综合考虑经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系。以不同氮处理下(0.05、0.15、0.25 g N kg-1)不同水稻品种(锡稻11和武粳4)的盆栽实验为例，以氨挥发、肥料使用量和经济产量等数据为基础，运用基于层次分析法的TOPSIS法对6个评价对象的农业生态效率进行了评价和排序，分析各对象在经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响方面的差异与特点，指出施氮量和作物品种都对生态效率具有明显的影响。该评价体系的建立，将为我国农业生产模式从片面追求产量向经济、资源、环境协调可持续发展起到一定的推动作用。
Abstract:Agricultural non-point source pollution has been a main pollution source in China. So an indicator system for agriculture is needed, which can be used in assessing and supervising the agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the theory of eco-efficiency and the characteristic of agricultural production, this research designed an evaluation indicator system for Agricultural Eco-efficiency which integrates different factors on economic profit, resource and material consumption and environmental impacts. A rice pot-experiment was carried out. In the experiment, two rice genotypes (Xidao11 and Wuyujin4) of different nitrogen use efficiency were supplied with three N levels (0.05、0.15、0.25 g N kg-1). Ammonia volatilization, fertilizer dose and rice economic yield were analyzed to evaluate and rank the Agricultural Eco-efficiency of the six evaluation indicators by using TOPSIS method which is based on AHP. The result showed that the six evaluation objects varied in economic benefit, resource and material consumption and environmental impacts, and N levels and plant genotypes had a major impact on the Agricultural Eco-efficiency. The evaluation indicator system will help China′s agricultural production mode to change from pursuing unilateral output to a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable one.