作 者 ：田慧颖,陈利顶*,张心昱,卢涛,姜昌亮
期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 1期 页码：344~350
关键词：西气东输(WEPP)；环境影响；公众参与；生态恢复；环境管理；
Keywords:West-to-East pipeline project (WEPP), environmental impact, public participation, ecological restoration, environmental management,
摘 要 ：重大工程建设在给区域发展带来经济效益的同时，还会对周围生态环境和居民生活产生影响，如何兼顾工程建设及其所在地区的自然、社会和经济发展，从多尺度、多方面构建一个和谐、稳定的生态系统，对于工程建设和区域可持续发展具有重要意义，也是对工程建设区实施生态系统管理的主要目标。西气东输工程属于西部投资开发的基础性产业，对于西部地区的社会经济发展和国家的资源结构优化具有重要意义。尽管该工程本着“绿色工程”的原则在工程建设运行中开展了大量的环保工作，却由于保护工作只集中在有限的范围内，而且在实施环境保护的过程中并没有充分考虑到管道沿线不同人群的看法、愿望和需求，因此未能起到应有的效果。研究主要针对西气东输管道东段沿线的相关公众对管道建设、管道环境影响的看法以及他们的生态环境认识水平进行了调查和分析。研究发现：① 大部分调查对象了解工程建设的意义，但认为工程建设“有利于本地经济的发展”的人数则有明显减少；公众的居住地、文化程度和职业背景是影响其看法的主要因素。西部经济欠发达地区的农民是对管道工程建设的意义认同度较低，因此，需要特别关注这一社会群体的想法和愿望。② 西部地区的农民是对工程建设破坏的植被和土壤最为关注的群体，因此，如果在工程施工过程中对沿线的土壤、植被采取有效的保护和恢复措施，并对周边居民由此而受到的损失进行合理的赔偿，将极大的提高周边公众对管道工程的认同与支持。③ 多数调查对象不了解生态恢复公众参与的重要性，而更多人认为应是当地政府和工程施工单位的主要责任，反映出管道沿线公众在这方面的生态环境认识有待提高。
Abstract:Constructions of large projects may have adverse impacts on local ecosystems and people’s daily life although the projects benefit to economic development. Establishment of a harmonious ecosystem by integrating project construction, regional environmental, social and economic development is not only significant for the project and regional sustainable development, but also a goal of the ecosystem management for the regions where the projects are implemented. As a large infrastructural project in the western China, the West-East Pipeline Project (WEPP) plays an important role in the local social and economic development as well as in optimization of national structure of resources. Although a great amount of efforts have been made to protect environment following the principle of "green engineering" during the execution of the project, the results achieved are limited and not as expected because the efforts were limited to a certain scale and did not account opinions, expectations and demands of various local residents. In this study, surveys and analyses were conducted to understand the opinions and perceptions of the local people towards WEPP and its impacts on environment as well as to understand knowledge level of local people on eco-environment. The results indicate: (1) the most interviewees along WEPP sites understand the significance of the project. However, the number of people viewing that WEPP will benefit to local development becomes obviously less. The resident locations, education backgrounds and occupations are primary factors influencing their opinions. Local farmers in the less developed regions have less recognition of significance of the WEPP. Therefore, there is a special need to concern the opinions and demands of this group of people. (2) The local farmers are a group of people who mostly concern the adverse impacts of WEPP construction on soils and vegetations. Therefore, if effective protection and restoration measures of soils and vegetation are adopted during the WEPP construction, and reasonable compensations are proposed to pay those who suffer impacts as well, it will greatly draw attentions and supports from the local farmers. (3) Importance of public participation in ecological restoration is not recognized by the most interviewees. Many consider that the ecological restoration is the responsibilities of local governmental authorities and construction units, reflecting the facts that public awareness and motivation of eco-environmental protection need to be improved in the region.
全 文 ：